.............forms of the infinite nature

Species dead sunt diversae, quot diversas formas off initio creavit infinitum
ens. (there are as much different kinds, as forms of the infinite nature,
different in the beginning, creates is.)


Linné was born as Carl Linnaeus on 23 May 1707 in Råshult in the southSwedish
province Småland. The father, Nile Linnaeus, was clergyman. As a farmer son
born, he carried first the names of Nile Ingemarsson. After the custom at that
time there were no actual surnames, but one was called after the first name of
the father: Nile, the son of the Ingemar.

With little joy Carl completed the school in the town Vaexioe, received private
instruction by a physician and a physics teacher. 1727 it began its study with
20 years at the university in Lund, later in Uppsala. Still as a student it
received its first employment as a deputy lecturer and demonstrator at the
Botani garden. 1732 followed its first scientific investigation travel after
Lappland.

1735 it traveled to Holland and attained a doctorate there in Hardewijk to the
doctor of the medicine. When he found chiefs of a large garden plant of the
banker Clifford in Hastekamp the leisure, his hauptwerk, to prepare the Systema
naturae (system of nature) which appeared still in the same year and made Linné
with an impact world well-known.

To Stockholm it took up 1739 immediately with good success a practice as a
physician. At the same time it created the Swedish Academy of Sciences with a
circle of scholars and became their first president. Its marriage with Sarah
Elizabeth Morea took place in the same year.

1741 were appointed Linné as professor for anatomy and medicine after Uppsala.
Up to its end of life this northernmost university town of Europe was the
center of its working for it. Convenient on the landgut Hammerby, 10km north of
Uppsala, he withdrew himself to the quiet work.

1762 received Carl Linnaeus the title of nobility and were called from then on
Carl von Linné. Later it an impact accumulation meets twelve years, by which it
gelaehmt the last four years of its life and increasingly leiblich and mentally
weakened had to through-suffer. Death on 10 January 1778 meant the release from
complete helplessness for it.

In its hauptwerk, Linné presents the three nature realms of stones, plants and
animals to the Systema naturae (1735). Therein it described a new regulation
method for plants after the structure of the bloom organs (Buetenblaetter,
staubblaetter, stamps) forwards. Still 12 further editions of this extensive
and systematic work followed during its lifetimes. In rapid consequence still
nine further, fundamental works appeared to botanischen systematics from Linné.
Linné specifies, like recently discovered kinds to be described must (Methodus
botanicus 1736), it publishes a bibliography of all relevant work to
botanischen systematics (Bibliotheca botanica 1736), it describes the general
principles for the designation of the larger groups in the Botanik, e.g. the
large arrangement in classes, orders, kinds etc.. (Fundamenta botanica 1736),
it gives rules for a being certain nomenclature (designation) the Genera
(Critica botanica 1737), in Genera plantarum (1737) describes it the
application of its rules and the principles for the location of natural groups
by observation of all characteristics of the flower crown, in the Classes
botanica to 1738 describes it comparatively 28 systems, with the Flora
Lapponica describes it the yield of its Lapplandreise, in the Hortus
Cliffortianus 1738 incorporated it the partly exotic plants in the botanischen
garden of its sponsor Clifford into its system.

Linné is today above all admits because of the introduction of the binary
nomenclature for kinds (Philosophia botanica 1751). Each kind with a double
name is addressed (like first names and surnames with us humans). The first
name indicates the kind, second the kind (e.g. Homo sapiens). For the Zoologie
Linné carried the same out only in its 10. Edition of its Systema naturae
(1758). This date became temporally earliest priority border for zoo-logical
nomenclature questions, while to plant names 1 May 1753 applies as date.

After Linnés conviction naeherbrachte the world-wide kind inventory admission
the Systematiker to the goal of recognizing the original creation plan and of
setting up such a natural system.

species plantarum praefatio
nil pulchrius, nil magis utile et necessarium in botanicis desideratum et
inventum est, quem systematica plantarum methodus, quae ignarum e vasto
vegetabilium regno recta (via) ducit ad desideratam plantam eiusque nomen. quid
umquam botanica vel quis botanicus sine methodo? plantarum nominumque copia
tanta est, ut, nisi exemplo off exercitus duce sumpto disponantur into
phalanges, phalanges dividantur in centurias, centurias in decurias, nulla
umquam habeatur certitudo.

offeratur planta peregrina et incognita duo bus botanicis, quorum older
empiricus systematum ignarus, old vero systematicus. empiricus ille A facie
divinare temp-done familiam, omnem memoriam revocat, utrum eius modes plantam
antea viderit, herbaria sua pervolvit, omnes libros, praesertim icones nocte
dieque revolvit nescius, ubi nam inter dead milia plantarum vel into quo
auctore hanc reperturus sit. systematicus vero sumit methodum quamcumque sibi
notam, evolvit clavem methodi, collato eodem cum partibus fructificationis
classem enuntiat, quo facto - ponamus 10000 specierum plantas dari - 9000
plantas seponit, inter quas frustra plantam oblatam quaereret; adeoque restant
1000, inter quas haec unica erit; evolvit deinde classem et inquirit, ad quem
ordinem pertineat; EO dato 900 iterum seponit, ut modo 100 restant; into ordine
genus inquirit; quo reperto una ex decem erit; species deinde secundum
differentias distinguit facile, adeoque intra momentum temporis plantam maxim
peregrinam detegit systematicus et nomine suo indicat, quam empiricus non by
annos nisi casu expiscatur.

As conclusion still another place, in which Goethe expresses himself over Linné
(in the history of my botanischen study )

Provisionally however I want to admit that after Shakespeare and Spinoza on me
the largest effect proceeded from Linné, straight by the conflict, to which he
requested me.

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