It was not until the Bolsheviks had received from us a steady flow of funds
through various channels and under varying labels that they were in a position
to be able to build up their main organ Pravda, to conduct energetic propaganda
and appreciably to extend the originally narrow base of their party.
Von Kühlmann, minister of foreign affairs, to the kaiser, December 3, 1917
While Lenin himself did not know the precise source of the assistance, he
certainly knew that the German government was providing some funding. There
were, however, intermediate links between the German foreign ministry and Lenin,
as the following shows:
LENIN'S TRANSFER TO RUSSIA IN APRIL 1917
Final decision - BETHMANN-HOLLWEG - (Chancellor)
Intermediary I - ARTHUR ZIMMERMANN (State Secretary)
Intermediary II - BROCKDORFF-RANTZAU (German Minister in Copenhagen)
Intermediary III - ALEXANDER ISRAEL HELPHAND (alias PARVUS)
Intermediary IV - JACOB FURSTENBERG (alias GANETSKY) LENIN, in Switzerland
From Berlin Zimmermann and Bethmann-Hollweg communicated with the German
minister in Copenhagen, Brockdorff-Rantzau. In turn, Brockdorff-Rantzau was in
touch with Alexander Israel Helphand (more commonly known by his alias, Parvus),
who was located in Copenhagen.2 Parvus was the connection to Jacob Furstenberg,
a Pole descended from a wealthy family but better known by his alias, Ganetsky.
And Jacob Furstenberg was the immediate link to Lenin.
Although Chancellor Bethmann-Hollweg was the final authority for Lenin's
transfer, and although Lenin was probably aware of the German origins of the
assistance, Lenin cannot be termed a German agent. The German Foreign Ministry
assessed Lenin's probable actions in Russia as being consistent with their own
objectives in the dissolution of the existing power structure in Russia. Yet
both parties also had hidden objectives: Germany wanted priority access to the
postwar markets in Russia, and Lenin intended to establish a Marxist dictatorship.
...
A subsequent document5 outlined the terms demanded by Lenin, of which the most
interesting was point number seven, which allowed "Russian troops to move into
India"; this suggested that Lenin intended to continue the tsarist expansionist
program. ...
reformed-theology.org/html/books/bolshevik_revolution/chapter_03.htm
Pattern: Tuwa, Siberia
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