Gość: Datsh IP: *.150.200.217.cm-upc.chello.se 07.04.01, 01:06 Pytanie do Adama Michnika Dlaczego swastyka jest emblematem Forum ? Proponuję gwiazdę Dawida na znak Przymierza. Józef Dajczgewand Odpowiedz Link Zgłoś czytaj wygodnie posty
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Gość: Hitler? Pytanie : Dlaczego swastyka jest emblematem Forum ? IP: *.150.200.217.cm-upc.chello.se 07.04.01, 14:49 Sobota , 7 kwietnia , 2001 rok Informacja turystyczna, Internet w Oświęcimu, Położenie geograficzne, Historia miasta, Przemysł i gospodarka, OTBS Oświęcim, Firmy z Naszego Miasta, Galeria fotograficzna, Kamery internetowe w Oświęcimu, Plan miasta, Powiat Oświęcimski, Tam byliśmy - fotoreportaże. Kerpen - miasto partnerskie Oświęcimia. Najnowsze informacje z Oświęcimia, Archiwum naszego serwisu. Chcemy Państwu przedstawić ponad 800-letnią historię Oświęcimia, grodu piastowskiego położonego nad Sołą, jego dzień dzisiejszy i możliwości rozwoju. Ta dawna stolica księstwa, wielokrotnie w ciągu minionych wieków doświadczana przez los, w czasie ostatniej wojny naznaczona została piętnem zbrodni. To, co wydarzyło się KL Auschwitz-Birkenau, było dramatem człowieka. Dlatego też były obóz koncentracyjny, na którego terenie powstało Państwowe Muzeum Auschwitz- Birkenau, musi być dla świata przestrogą i wezwaniem do poszanowania podstawowych wartości: wolności i godności człowieka, jego prawa do życia. Dziś Oświęcim, miasto liczące ponad 40 tysięcy mieszkańców, jest ośrodkiem licznych inicjatyw pokojowych, miejscem spotkań ludzi różnych narodowości bez względu na religię i przekonania, miejscem gdzie nowe pokolenia pragną budować przyszłość bez wojen i przemocy. Za działania podejmowane na rzecz pokoju Oświęcim otrzymał w 1998r tytuł Messenger of Peace - Orędownik Pokoju. Tytuł przyznawany jest przez Sekretarza Generalnego Organizacji Narodów Zjednoczonych. W ten sposób Oświęcim dołączył do miast Orędowników Pokoju zrzeszonych w Światowym Związku. Rada Miasta, Zarząd Miasta, Jak załatwić ..., Działalność gospodarcza Adresy, telefony, Zamówienia publiczne, Informacje, Strategia Rozwoju Miasta Oświęcimia, Oferty inwestycyjne, Schemat organizacyjny UM, "Głos Ziemi Oświęcimskiej", "Oświęcimski Chemik", Samorząd w Internecie, Dokumenty, Programy i pluginy, Strona techniczna. Internetowa mapa Oświęcimia, Muzeum Auschwitz-Birkenau, Oświęcimskie Centrum Kultury, Forum Dziecięcych Inicjatyw Pokojowych, Firma Chemiczna "DWORY" S.A., Międzynarodowy Dom Spotkań Młodzieży w Oświęcimiu Odpowiedz Link Zgłoś
Gość: Filosof C o t o z n a c z y ? IP: *.150.200.217.cm-upc.chello.se 07.04.01, 15:01 ParadoxMichnika Odpowiedz Link Zgłoś
Gość: Praktyk Re : C o t o z n a c z y ? IP: *.150.200.217.cm-upc.chello.se 07.04.01, 17:46 symbol nienawiści Odpowiedz Link Zgłoś
Gość: JD Co robić? IP: *.150.200.217.cm-upc.chello.se 07.04.01, 20:27 Zapytamy chłopców generała... Odpowiedz Link Zgłoś
Gość: żydZen Religia przyszłości IP: *.150.200.217.cm-upc.chello.se 07.04.01, 21:05 Religia przyszłości będzie religią kosmiczną. Powinna ona przekraczać koncepcję Boga osobowego oraz unikać dogmatów i teologii. Zawierając w sobie zarówno to, co naturalne, jak i to, co duchowe, powinna oprzeć się na poczuciu religijności wyrastającym z doświadczania wszelkich rzeczy naturalnych i duchowych jako pełnej znaczenia jedności. Buddyzm odpowiada takiemu opisowi. ... Jeżeli istnieje w ogóle religia, która może sprostać wymaganiom współczesnej nauki, to jest nią buddyzm. - Albert Einstein - fizyk, twórca ogólnej i szczególnej teorii względności *** Pamiętajmy, że na świecie jest wiele religii. Nie można ich wrzucać do jednego worka, gdyż nie wszystkie zakładają wiarę w niematerialną i nieśmiertelną duszę. Niektóre - na przykład buddyzm - mogą okazać się bliższe koncepcjom współczesnej nauki... - Francis Harry Compton Crick - wybitny badacz mózgu, odkrywca podwójnej spirali DNA *** To, że w buddyzmie nie istnieje pojęcie Boga osobowego, wydaje mi się najbardziej atrakcyjne. To znaczy, można wyznawać światopogląd naukowy i jednocześnie być buddystą. - Czesław Miłosz - poeta Odpowiedz Link Zgłoś
Gość: Ja Re: Religia przyszłości IP: 216.172.6.* 07.04.01, 22:49 Gość portalu: żydZen napisał(a): > Religia przyszłości będzie religią kosmiczną. Powinna ona przekraczać koncepcję > > Boga osobowego oraz unikać dogmatów i teologii. Zawierając w sobie zarówno to, > co naturalne, jak i to, co duchowe, powinna oprzeć się na poczuciu religijności > > wyrastającym z doświadczania wszelkich rzeczy naturalnych i duchowych jako > pełnej znaczenia jedności. Buddyzm odpowiada takiemu opisowi. > > ... Jeżeli istnieje w ogóle religia, która może sprostać wymaganiom > współczesnej nauki, to jest nią buddyzm. > > - Albert Einstein - > fizyk, twórca ogólnej i szczególnej teorii względności > > > > *** > > > Pamiętajmy, że na świecie jest wiele religii. Nie można ich wrzucać do jednego > worka, gdyż nie wszystkie zakładają wiarę w niematerialną i nieśmiertelną > duszę. Niektóre - na przykład buddyzm - mogą okazać się bliższe koncepcjom > współczesnej nauki... > > - Francis Harry Compton Crick - > wybitny badacz mózgu, odkrywca podwójnej spirali DNA > > > > *** > > > To, że w buddyzmie nie istnieje pojęcie Boga osobowego, wydaje mi się > najbardziej atrakcyjne. To znaczy, można wyznawać światopogląd naukowy i > jednocześnie być buddystą. > > - Czesław Miłosz - > poeta Miliony innych wyznaja religie inne niz buddyzm i nie widza w tym problemu naukowego. Nauka nie ma nic do powiedzenia nt. poczatku i konca (buddyzm tez nie) chrzescijanstwo tak. Nauka wie ze wszechswiat i czas sie zaczal (creatio ex nihilo) buddyzm nie ma takiej koncepcji. Ja Odpowiedz Link Zgłoś
Gość: Hitler Re: Dlaczego swastyka jest emblematem Forum ? IP: *.150.200.217.cm-upc.chello.se 08.04.01, 20:57 An archive of articles dealing with the Jewish war against Gentiles, and the resulting destruction of White Western civilization. Race Media Control Hate Crime Free Speech Immigration Multiculturalism Communism Slavery Gun Control Hell in Africa $Holocaust Israel ADL/B'nai B'rith What's New Links Flyers Visits Since July 7, 2000 Fed Up? Join Us! P.O. Box 358 Harwich, MA 02645 (508) 432-7890 E-Mail To search this website enter keywords below. This Week's ADV Broadcast As Ye Sow... by Dr. William L. Pierce Ram | MP3 | Tsp Web TV: Pre 2k Update Post 2k Update American Dissident Voices - Tribal Thinking wav (?) - Dear Mom wav (?) - Toward the Stars wav (?) - Odysseus' Way wav (?) - Playing Cards on a Sinking Ship wav (?) - Shuffling Toward the Slaughterhouse wav (?) - The Tragedy of Chautauqua County wav (?) - Fighting for Racial Separation wav (?) - Stopping the Hijacking of America wav (?) - The Limits of Toleration wav (?) - What Our Schools are Teaching wav (?) - Toward a Sane Society wav (?) - Treason at Pearl Harbor (?) - Germany and America wav (?) - The New World Order - '99 wav (?) - Seeing the Forest wav (?) - What's a Patriot to Do? wav (?) - Books and Freedom wav (?) - The Sexual War 1 wav 2 wav (?) - AIDS and the Cult of Equality wav (?) - Patriots vs. Jews wav (?) - What Liberals Don't Understand wav (?) - Actions Speak Louder Than Words wav (?) - The Turner Diaries wav (?) - Defending America from Saddam wav (?) - How Liberals Think wav (?) - Toward a Healthy Society wav (?) - What Terrifies America's Enemies wav (?) - How to Bring Down the House wav (?) - Storm, Break Loose! wav (?) - Fear of the Smear wav (?) - Avalanche wav (?) - Contrasts wav (?) - Jewish Democracy wav (?) - The Fatal Plague Part 1 Part 2 (?) - Smell the Blood wav (?) - Proving White is Black wav (?) - The School Problem wav (?) - Betting on Both Horses wav (?) - Hardheaded Altruism wav (?) - Deliberate Deception wav (?) - The Slippery Minority wav (?) - How to Improve Our Souls wav (?) - Responding to Evil wav (?) - Check Your Blankets and Candles wav (?) - Time of the Bonfire wav (?) - The Katyn Massacre wav (?) - Shakespeare and Democracy wav (?) - The Coming of the New Elites wav (?) - Why Society is Nuts wav (?) - Focusing Our Anger wav (?) - Interview, Dr. William L. Pierce wav (?) - Nationalism vs. the New World Order wav (?) - Judicial Insanity and Schoolyard... wav (?) - The Wrecking of Our Schools wav (?) - Replacing Shakespeare with Malcolm X wav (?) - Race and Slavery wav (?) - Audio/Video - The Justice Files" "Stealing Us Blind" (?) - The Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) - Prospects for the New Century 1 2 (?) - Revisionist Historian Michael A. Hoffman II - The Matt Hale Show 1 2 3 - David Duke's My Awakening - Anti-White Propaganda in the Movies - Dr. Philippe Rushton on Racial Differences - Journalist Sam Francis Interview - Prof. Tony Martin on 'The Jewish Onslaught' - Germar Rudolf's Dissecting the "Holocaust" Overview - The Big Picture ram wav (?) - How it Fits Together ram wav (?) - Survival Essentials ram wav (?) - The Significance of the Holocaust ram wav (?) - The Oldest Story - The Lesson of Amy Beihl ram wav (?) - A Closer Look at the Enemy ram wav (?) - How They Rule ram wav (?) - The New World Order - '97 wav (?) - The Jewish Problem ram wav (?) - The Nature of the Beast ram wav (?) - The Final Solution for Whites - Know Your Enemy: The Fable of the Bees The Wrecking of America - Third World Immigration - Global Equalization - Political Corruption - Treason and Spying - Miscegenation - Our Jewdicial System - The Wrecking of Our Schools - Anti-White Historical Revision - Anti-White Economic Policies - The "Civil Rights" Movement - Radical Feminism - Normalization of Homosexuality Odpowiedz Link Zgłoś
Gość: Datsh P R O C E S M I C H N I K A IP: *.150.200.217.cm-upc.chello.se 09.04.01, 01:07 http://wsphotofews.excite.com/032/sM/8V/SJ/0870288.jpg Odpowiedz Link Zgłoś
Gość: www W nienawistnych uprzedzeniach tkwi ładunek wybuchowy zbrodni. IP: *.150.200.217.cm-upc.chello.se 09.04.01, 02:45 . Odpowiedz Link Zgłoś
Gość: über Re: Dlaczego swastyka jest emblematem Forum ? IP: *.150.200.217.cm-upc.chello.se 09.04.01, 05:14 Book Review An Empire Of Their Own: How The Jews Invented Hollywood by Neal Gabler. New York: Crown Publishers, Inc., 1988. Hardcover, 502 pp., illustrated, $24.95, ISBN 0-51746808 X. Reviewed by Jack Wikoff Much of An Empire of Their Own reads like a press agent release for the stereotypical Hollywood movie producer. Having originally subtitled his book How Zukor, Laemmle, Fox, Cohn and the Warner Brothers Invented Hollywood, author Neal Gabler provides valuable information about those Jews who came to dominate the film industry during the nineteen-twenties, thirties and forties. Undoubtedly the subtitle was changed to How the Jews Invented Hollywood to promote more effectively the myth that Jews singlehandedly created the film industry. Reading An Empire of Their Own may cause one to be ultra-conscious of whether a film producer, director, actor or technician is Jewish or not. One reviewer has written that "if misread, the book could provide fuel for anti- Semitism." This may or may not be true. What is certain is that the history of cinema is now old enough for us to see the extraordinary power this medium has had upon the political and moral values of the masses. Many Jews have persistently sought, and gained, this power throughout the twentieth century. In concentrating upon the lives and personalities of these Jewish producers, mostly of Eastern European birth, the author glosses over or completely ignores the achievements of gentile, Christian pioneers of the film industry. It can safely be said that the earliest cameras, projectors, sound and lighting equipment, and raw film stock were developed primarily by gentile inventors. The same can be said of those artists who were the first to create artistic movies with true narrative content, creative lighting and special effects, panoramic scenic settings and fast-paced editing. Certainly Jews made many valuable contributions to early film, but Gabler vastly exaggerates their innovation. Creative individuals such as W.K.L. Dickson, William Friese-Greene, Thomas Armat, Georges Melies, Louis and Auguste Lumiere, and Charles Pathe are not even mentioned. Edwin S. Porter, the director of the early narrative film and first western, The Great Train Robbery (1903), was also an engineer who developed cameras, projectors and special effects devices. In An Empire of Their Own, Porter is dismissed as a Projectionist-turned-director." Thomas Edison is portrayed as a villain for his great power in the early industry. Edison and his partners created the Motion Picture Patents Company in 1908, which until 1918 held an almost complete monopoly in camera and projection equipment licensing. What these Jewish producers did achieve was to move very quickly from owning a few nickelodeons to controlling complete monopolies consisting of production, distribution and exhibition facilities. These men acquired this control because of an excellent sense of what the public would buy, intense personal drive, group solidarity as Jews, a willingness for hard work-and - a lot of shady dealing. Gabler describes how Adolf Zukor and Carl Laemmle illegally used Edison cameras without paying the royalities and how Louis B.Mayer cheated the producers of Birth of a Nation by falsifying his bookkeeping, thereby making as much as $500,000 on the exhibition of that one film in 1915. These Jewish producers moved to Hollywood from the East Coast in the teens and twenties because of the abundant sunlight, cheap non-union labor and distance from the enforcers of the Edison Patents Company. Zukor and his associates arrived relatively late in Hollywood. A woman from Illinois had given Hollywood its name in remembrance of her native state's holly bushes; several Englishmen, the Horsley brothers and Charles Rosher, created the first film factory in Hollywood, the Nestor Studio, in 1910. The Jews did not invent Hollywood, but they certainly did come to dominate it. Throughout An Empire of Their Own Neal Gabler contends that Hollywood "was founded and for more than thirty years operated by Eastern European Jews who themselves seemed to be anything but the quintessence of America" and that "above all things, they wanted to be regarded as Americans, not Jews; they wanted to reinvent themselves here as new men." For Gabler The Jazz Singer (1927), starring Al Jolson, epitomizes in cinematic terms the conflict of the Jew in America. The elderly cantor of a synagogue on the Lower East Side of New York City assumes that his only son will follow in his footsteps and retain the orthodox traditions. But the son would prefer to be an entertainer and goes against his father's wishes. Years pass and Jakie Rabinowitz, the cantor's son, has become Jack Robin, a nightclub singer. The crisis comes when the elder Rabinowitz cannot sing the "Kol Nidre" on Yom Kippur and the congregation pressures the young jazz singer to fill in for his father. But Jack's Broadway opening happens to be the same night. As Gabler describes this situation: "Jack's quandary is that he can bring Judaism to show business, but he cannot bring show business to Judaism Ö which is to say that Judaism cannot be reinvigorated or revitalized in America or by America. It is alien to it." The Jazz Singer has a happy ending. Jack's producers allow his Broadway premier to be postponed a night so he can sing the "Kol Nidre" in the synagogue. Then, in his show business triumph, the young Jewish entertainer appears in blackface, "one minority disguised within another," singing "Mammy" to his mother seated in the enthusiastic audience. The son of the immigrant gets the best of two worlds. Viewed from outside the Jewish subculture, the anxiety and conflict that "assimilation" produced in these men does not seem as extreme as Gabler would have us believe. Although the Jewish movie moguls rarely kept kosher and seldom went to synagogue, it does not mean that they ever really stopped being Jews. Assimilation often simply meant acquiring ostentatious symbols of wealth and success such as country club membership, the breeding of thoroughbred racehorses, compulsive gambling and sexual highjinks in Las Vegas and Havana, season tickets at the opera and palatial mansions on both coasts. Many of these "role models" dumped their old Jewish wives and married younger gentile women. In retrospect these Jewish men never truly wanted to join the culture of the Anglo-Saxon Protestant elite. What they sought was entree into those domains of power and influence which had once been exclusively gentile. The most important question in historical and political terms is to what extent the Jewishness of these movie executives affected the content of motion pictures. An Empire of Their Own provides a number of valuable answers to this question. Gabler also reveals inside information on the East Coast boards of directors and stockholders who were the true powers behind the movie producers. A number of passages cite the various Jewish lobbying groups which also influenced film content. Several chapters are devoted to the Hollywood executives' response to the investigations of congressional committees into Jewish and Communist influence in motion pictures in the 1940's and 1950's. In spite of Neal Gabler's ethnocentric prejudices (and partly because of them!) An Empire of Their Own will be a valuable addition to any collection of books about the political and cultural history of the twentieth century. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- About the author JACK WIKOFF is a writer and researcher living in central New York State. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Bibliographic information Autho Odpowiedz Link Zgłoś
Gość: Singer Re: Dlaczego swastyka jest emblematem Forum ? IP: *.150.200.217.cm-upc.chello.se 09.04.01, 19:19 Choose a Site Museum of Tolerance MOT Store Moriah Films Offices Worldwide Los Angeles Headquarters Southern U.S. Eastern U.S. Mid-Atlantic U.S. Canada Latin America Europe Israel Join Now - become a member and support the important work of the Simon Wiesenthal Center. Email this page to a friend. Search Entire Site Museum of Tolerance MOT Store Moriah Films Social Action The European office of the Simon Wiesenthal Center, headquartered in Paris, France, actively promotes and supports the Center's mission in Europe by combating antisemitism, Holocaust denial, extremism, and neo-Nazi activity. The European office brings these issues to the attention of government leaders, members of the media and communities throughout Europe. The Simon Wiesenthal Center Europe In a symbolic action, community activists demonstrate against Joerg Haider's Freedom Party by scrubbing the sidewalk as Jews were forced to do in 1938 Vienna. Shimon Samuels, SWC Director for International Liaison, is shown at right. Monitors and combats the growth of neo-Nazi activity in Europe by alerting government leaders, the media, and local communities to these incidents. These actions have led to the ban of neo-Nazi rallies in Spain, the cancellation of revisionist conferences in France, the closure of Swedish neo-Nazi bank accounts and distribution centers in Spain, and the exposure of neo-Nazi paramilitary training camps and arms supplies in Portugal, among others. Takes an active role in seeking out and exposing boycotts of Israel and purposeful omissions of Israel in publications, guides, catalogues, and maps. Corporations that have been exposed are L'Oreal, KPMG Accounting, the Michelin Map, a shipping company in France, and a chemicals company in Britain. May 1995--Shimon Samuels received the medal of the European Parliament in Strasbourg for the work of the Wiesenthal Center in Europe. (L-R): Parliament President Klaus Hansch of Germany, Former President Simon Veil of France; Dr. Samuels. Organizes and participates in conferences throughout Europe on themes such xenophobia and antisemitism in Russia, fascism, Holocaust denial, Jewish-Moslem relations, and the search for Nazi gold and looted art. Some conference co- sponsors have included UNESCO, the German government, Oxford University and the Carnegie Foundation. Keeps a watch over the many concentration camps throughout Europe ensuring that the memory of the Holocaust and the sanctity of these sites are preserved. In recent years this has included protesting to Polish government officials over both a convent and disco in Auschwitz, forcing the removal of an exhibition panel on "Israel Nazism" from the Memorial Museum of Terezin, placing a memorial plaque mentioning Jewish victims who perished at the Natzweiler- Struthof, and pressuring Philip Morris to cancel plans for a cigarette factory planned for Auschwitz. Berlin, June 2000 The SWC co-sponsored the conference "The Internet and the Changing Face of Hate" Shimon Samuels with Thomas Middelhoff, CEO of Bertelsmann. Has observed and attended the various trials of Nazi war criminals in Europe including Paul Touvier in France and Erich Priepke in Italy. Distributes educational materials to schools, universities, conferences, and was the recipient of the European Parliamentary Medal for organizing the European Union and UNESCO competition, "Fifty Years after the Holocaust: Lessons for Europe." Monitors antisemitism and Holocaust denial in books, newspapers, and other publications. After Wiesenthal Center's protests, Japanese antisemitic books were withdrawn from a shop in Paris, meetings were held with the Red Cross to condemn the Palestinian Red Crescent's article denying the Holocaust, the German Red Cross Blood Transfusion President resigned after the publication of a Holocaust denial newsletter, and the Bulgarian authorities withdrew an antisemitic text, Masons, Jews and Revolutions: How these Forces of Satan are Preparing the End of Mankind. Dr. Samuels met with reformed German neo-Nazi skinheads, who, under the leadership of Pastor Christian Weber, are learning to educate other skinheads in their community on tolerance Regularly addresses different organizations on issues of concern to the Wiesenthal Center such as "Antisemitism in the Arab Media" at the Jordan Institute of Diplomacy in Amman, "Hate Online" at the Israeli Knesset, and "Religious Intolerance in Europe Today" at the U.S. Senate Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe. Contact Information Dr. Shimon Samuels 64 Avenue Marceau 75008 Paris FRANCE Phone: 011-33-1-4723-7637 Fax: 011-33-1-4720-8401 csweurope@compuserve.com Odpowiedz Link Zgłoś
Gość: ___ ___ Re: Dlaczego swastyka jest emblematem Forum ? IP: *.150.200.217.cm-upc.chello.se 09.04.01, 20:08 When speaking about the "Holocaust," what time period are we referring to? How many Jews were murdered during the Holocaust? How many non-Jewish civilians were murdered during World War II? Which Jewish communities suffered losses during the Holocaust? How many Jews were murdered in each country and what percentage of the pre-war Jewish population did they constitute? What is a death camp? How many were there? Where were they located? What does the term "Final Solution" mean and what is its origin? When did the "Final Solution" actually begin? How did the Germans define who was Jewish? How did the Germans treat those who had some Jewish blood but were not classified as Jews? What were the first measures taken by the Nazis against the Jews? Did the Nazis plan to murder the Jews from the beginning of their regime? When was the first concentration camp established and who were the first inmates? Which groups of people in Germany were considered enemies of the state by the Nazis and were, therefore, persecuted? What was the difference between the persecution of the Jews and the persecution of other groups classified by the Nazis as enemies of the Third Reich? Why were the Jews singled out for extermination? What did people in Germany know about the persecution of Jews and other enemies of Nazism? Did all Germans support Hitler's plan for the persecution of the Jews? Did the people of occupied Europe know about Nazi plans for the Jews? What was their attitude? Did they cooperate with the Nazis against the Jews? Did the Allies and the people in the Free World know about the events going on in Europe? What was the response of the Allies to the persecution of the Jews? Could they have done anything to help? Who are the "Righteous Among the Nations"? Were Jews in the Free World aware of the persecution and destruction of European Jewry and, if so, what was their response? Did the Jews in Europe realize what was going to happen to them? How many Jews were able to escape from Europe prior to the Holocaust? What efforts were made to save the Jews fleeing from Germany before World War II began? Why were so few refugees able to flee Europe prior to the outbreak of World War II? What was Hitler's ultimate goal in launching World War II? Was there any opposition to the Nazis within Germany? Did the Jews try to fight against the Nazis? To what extent were such efforts uccessful? What was the Judenrat? Did international organizations, such as the Red Cross, aid victims of Nazi persecution? How did Germany's allies, the Japanese and the Italians, treat the Jews in the lands they occupied? What was the attitude of the churches vis-a-vis the persecution of the Jews? Did the Pope ever speak out against the Nazis? How many Nazi criminals were there? How many were brought to justice? What were the Nuremberg Trials? -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Odpowiedz Link Zgłoś
Gość: BUDDHA Re: Dlaczego swastyka jest emblematem Forum ? IP: *.150.200.217.cm-upc.chello.se 10.04.01, 22:56 A Glance At The Statues of Buddha in Afghanistan By Farid Maiwandi, Member Afghan Studies Editorial Board Copyright, The Online Center for Afghan Studies Afghan Cultural Heritage Under Fire The Destruction of Bamyan Buddhas by Taliban The Looting of Kabul Museum by Northern Alliance As is evident from its geo-strategic location, Afghanistan has been in the path of passing conquerors, invaders, and migrant tribes from Eurasia, India, Central Asia, and China, throughout its history. It was a flourishing cultural and religious center, once, where its mountainous landscape served as a cradle for such great religions as Zoroastrianism and others. Before the introduction of Islam, in the middle of the seventh Century AD, the people of Afghanistan practiced such religions as Hinduism, Zoroastrian, Buddhism, and others. BUDDHISM IN AFGHANISTAN Buddhism was introduced into Afghanistan in the third Century BC by the Indian Emperor, Ashoka. He was the grandson of the founder of an Indian dynasty who ruled over much of the Indian Sub-continent from (324 BC) to (184 BC). Ashoka, himself came to power (c. 268 BC) and died around (233 BC). His empire comprised modern Kashmir, India as far south as Mysore, and modern Afghanistan as far north as the Hindu Kush Mountains. This celebrated emperor had a great influence in transforming Buddhism from a local Indian sect into one of the world's greatest religions. It is during this period that many Buddhist temples were built throughout the empire. But it was not until the rise of the Kushans to power, in Afghanistan, that we would see Buddhism fully flourish and reach its zenith. Kushans or Kwei Shang, was one of the leading tribe of the Yueh-Chi, in China, in the third century A.D., who created a vast empire which extended southward from Bactria or modern Balkh in northern Afghanistan and included most of India. One of the greatest Kushan king, Kanishka (100 -162 AD), who is also known as the King of Gandahara had his winter capital in modern Peshawar and his summer capital north of Kabul, in Kapisa (Bagram). In the later years of his reign, King Kanishka, who was supposedly a Zoroastrian by religion, showed much favor to the Buddhists. He allowed and encouraged the erection of magnificent Buddhist buildings throughout his kingdom. During this period Eastern Afghanistan was full of lively Buddhist monasteries and stupas. Many statues of Buddha were built, with strong influence of Greek art, known as the Gandahara school, owing its name to the region where the art developed. It was during this period, and within the territories of the Kushans that the earliest Buddha images in human form also evolved. The two masterpieces, the two monumental statues of Buddha in Bamian, were produced which stand out head and shoulders above the others. These two giant Buddhas stand in the beautiful Bamiyan valley, situated 230 km NW of Kabul at an altitude of 2500 meters. Khang bat or ShA mAma THE STATUES OF BUDDHA IN BAMIAN Bamian was one of the major Buddhist centuries from the second century up to the time when Islam entered the valley later in the ninth century. For those who have visited this naturally beautiful valley or read about the rich history of this interesting city, the most fascinating objects of wonder still remain the same - the two giant statues of Buddhas. These two massive statues were carved into a sandstone cliff, which dates back to the third and fifth century AD. The smaller one, believed to have been carved between the second and third century AD, is 35 meters tall, while the taller one, built by the end of the fifth century AD, is 53 meters and considered the world tallest statue of Buddha. The two statues were hewn out of the rock. They were covered with a mud and straw mixture to model the expression of the face, the hands and the folds of the robes. This was then plastered and, finally, they were painted: the smaller Buddha blue, the larger one red, with their hands and faces painted gold. Draped in robes, whose folds reveal their distinctly Greek origins, the two giant Buddhas are surrounded by dozens and dozens of small caves, which once sheltered Buddhist monks and pilgrims. Some of the caves still contain the deteriorating remains of what must have once been magnificent frescoes. When the famous Chinese explorer and Buddhist monk, Heun Tsang visited Afghanistan, in 630 AD, the city of Bamian, according to him, still had 100 monasteries rich in relics of Buddha and inhabited by three thousand monks, despite the fresh ravages of the Ephthalite Huns at that time. In his memoirs he mentions the two colossal statues of Buddha. Almost two thousand years later, the two towering statues are still an outstanding memorial to a faith that has entirely disappeared from Afghanistan. What Were the Names of the Statues ? Nobody knows the exact names of these two statues at the time of their construction. The bodies of the two statues were covered with long robes, extending from top of the shoulders to their ankles. By looking at the statues, one can clearly see the folds of the robes. The two different colors, with which the robes were painted with, can still be seen on some parts of the exterior of the statues. The robe of the shorter statue was colored blue, while that of the taller one was red. The color of these robes must have had a great impact on the first Muslim visitors to the area. They named each of the Buddha by the color of its robe, namely "surkh bat" and "khang bat". These two words seems to have found its way to the annals of history and literature later in the 10th, and 11th Century AD. Hassan Unsuri, a leading Afghan poet, at the court of Mahmood Ghaznawi, had a long poem written about the "surkh bat" and "khang bat". Unfortunately, like so many other material of historic and literary significance in Afghanistan, no more than one or two couplet of this long poem can, now, be found, which would have shed some light on the past of these two statues of Buddha. However, one couplet of a Dari (Persian) poem, by Khaqani references the two statues as follows: " dar kaf az jAm-e khang-bat bengar bar rukh az bAda-ye surkh-bat bingAr " (Ref. Farhang-e Ameed) Surkh bat or salsAl Two more names could be found for these two statues, in the local folk stories, as well. The "salsAl" and "shA mAma" are two mythical names, referring to the taller and shorter statue, respectively. In the local traditions and customs, the residents of Bamian believe that the taller Buddha (salsAl) is a male while the shorter Buddha (sha mAma) to be a female, however, there is no religious basis for this belief. In the Persian language "salsAl" means "clay or dirt", while "sha mAma" is a compound Dari word, comprising of "sha" (king) and "mAma" (mother). This word can easily be a derivative for a word to mean "queen". This has given the locals one more reason to consider the two statues as a royal couple whose children (smaller statues, built in sitting positions) could be found in the other caves between the two largest standing statues. For more than 1500 years, these two statues stood not only as giant symbols of a world faith, but as important relics of human civilization and world history. The pair of the two statues of Buddha in Bamian could have very well been an appropriate addition to the list of the Seven Wonders of the World, but it might be too late, now. While history may remember them and their story for a long time to come, but much to the lament of many citizens of the world, the Taliban in Afghanistan has now afflicted an irreparable physical damage to the statues. Odpowiedz Link Zgłoś
Gość: Kabul Re: Dlaczego swastyka jest emblematem Forum ? IP: *.150.200.217.cm-upc.chello.se 10.04.01, 23:20 A Communiqué By The Online Center of Afghan Studies Regarding the Destruction of Afghan National and Archeological Treasures Dated: Feb 28, 2001 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- We at the Afghan Studies editorial board considers the shocking news of the issuance of a decree to destroy Afghan historic statues, including the famous 2000 year old Buddha statue in Bamyan, to be nothing short of a catastrophe. But we believe that this act is not an isolated and random incident but rather part of a deliberate and systematic plan for the eradication and dismantling of all that serves as the foundation of Afghanistan’s social, cultural, political and historic identity. The destruction of Kabul city especially the famous Masjid-e-Pul-e-Kheshti and the Darul-Aman palace, the demolition of "Bala Hesar-e-Kabul", the looting of Kabul museum and its priceless collection, the stealing of unique and rare collection of books in Kabul library, the dismantling of the Afghan army, the systematic de-evaluation of Afghan currency and last but not least, the willful and ongoing plan of undoing the Afghan national unity, sovereignty and territorial integrity were all carried out under one master plan presented under the smoke screens and titles such as “Peshawar Accord”, “Islamabad Accord”, “Jalalabad Accord” and now the “Taliban Accords” etc, each perpetuated by operatives like Gulbudine, Masoud, Dostam and now Mohammad Omar and their oligarchy of gunmen. This treacherous plan which came to its own shortly after the Soviet defeat and their subsequent withdrawal, clearly retraces its roots to one source namely Islamabad, one office namely ISI and under the auspices of one program with the battle cry of “Kabul must burn” [By former ISI Chief, General Akhtar Abdul Rahman, who died along Gen. Zia-ul-Haq in a plane crash]. Like everything else, regrettably, the targeting of a 2000 year old Buddha is nothing short of a catastrophe the magnitude of which is not just confined to Afghanistan but also extends to the archeological heritage of the region, the continent and the entire human kind. We condemn this act of cowardice and treachery and warn the architects of this evil plan, may they be in Islamabad, Tehran or else where, that they may have succeeded in destroying our national and historic heritage but they will never be able to break our resolve to continue our struggle for freedom, salvation and the re-establishment of our national identity. We leave them with a reminder of the recently proven (ask the ex-Soviets) and yet historic edict of this region that “Afghans are loyal friends yet dangerous and bitter enemies”. And so we end this communiqué with the re-iteration of a fact that we Afghans will never forget what the enemies of our nation did to us during these most difficult and trying days of our history. Odpowiedz Link Zgłoś
datsh Re: Dlaczego swastyka jest emblematem Forum ? 11.04.01, 00:12 Offener Brief am die Deutschen Nationalisten von Hendrik Möbus Sehr geese Dame und Herren, lie Kameraden und Kameradinnen Ich bin mir sicher, dass mein Name Ihnen allen geläufig ist. Ebenso bin ich mir gewiss, dass Sie Ihre Informationen über mich fast ausschliesslich aus der Systempresse beziehen Odpowiedz Link Zgłoś
Gość: Tod Der Sieg ist unser IP: *.150.200.217.cm-upc.chello.se 11.04.01, 01:10 Der Sieg ist unser Herr des Krieges, Herr der Nacht Wenn der Morgen dämmert, es beginnt die Schlacht Gegen Untermenschen, doch nichts stoppt unsern Lauf Gott Jahwe, wir schlitzen Deinen Bastard auf Der Sieg ist unser Südland wird fallen, wie schon Ostland fiel Es auszulöschen, das ist unser Ziel Israel, Juda im Schmutz vernichtet Die Legionen des Schicksals haben sie alle gerichtet Welch` Massaker, Blut und Nukleare Feuer Wir sind Nordlands Wölfe, wahre Ungeheuer Auf dem Kriegspfad, bewaffnet mit Schwertern aus Stahl Bringend Verderben, und Tod und ewige Qual Wir sind die Herren des Kriegs, die Herren der Nacht Wenn der Morgen dämmert, beginnt die Schlacht Gegen Untermenschen, doch nichts stoppt unsern Lauf Gott Jahwe, wir schlitzen Deinen Bastard auf Der Sieg ist unser Odpowiedz Link Zgłoś