Trochę nie na temat: Hala Ludowa na liście Unesco

[Gość: M]

14-07-2006 2:50 am The World Heritage Committee Thursday inscribed ten new
sites on UNESCO’s World Heritage List. A number of outstanding proposals for
inscription are to be discussed in the afternoon. The new sites inscribed
are:



Sewell Mining Town (Chile). Situated 85 km south of the capital, Santiago in
an environment marked by extreme climate more than 2,000 m up the Andes,
Sewell Mining Town was built by the Braden Copper company in the early 20th
century to house workers at what was the world’s largest underground copper
mine, El Teniente. It is an outstanding example of the company towns that
were born in many remote parts of the world from the fusion of local labour
and resources from an industrialized nation, to mine and process high-value
natural resources. At its peak Sewell numbered 15,000 inhabitants, but was
largely abandoned in the 1970s. The town was built on a terrain too steep for
wheeled vehicles around a large central staircase rising from the railway
station. Along its route, formal squares of irregular shape with ornamental
trees and plants constituted the main public spaces or squares of the town.
Off the central staircase, paths ran along the contours leading to smaller
squares and secondary staircases linking the town’s different levels. The
buildings lining the streets are timber, often painted in vivid green,
yellow, red and blue. Designed in the U.S.A., most of them were built on a
19th century American model, but the design of the Industrial School (1936),
for example, is of modernist inspiration. Sewell is the only mountain
industrial mining settlement of considerable size of the 20th century to have
been built for year-round use.



Yin Xu (China). The archaeological site of Yin Xu, close to Anyang City, some
500 km south of Beijing, is an ancient capital city of the late Shang Dynasty
(1300 to 1046 BC). It testifies to the golden age of early Chinese culture,
crafts and sciences, a time of great prosperity of the Chinese Bronze Age. A
number of royal tombs and palaces, prototypes of later Chinese architecture,
have been unearthed on the site. The site includes the Palace and Royal
Ancestral Shrines Area (1,000m x 650m), with more than 80 house foundations,
and the only tomb of a member of the royal family of the Shang Dynasty to
have remained intact, the Tomb of Fu Hao. The large number and superb
craftsmanship of the burial accessories found there bear testimony to the
advanced level of Shang handicraft industry, and form now one of the national
treasures of China. Numerous pits containing bovine shoulder blades and
turtle plastrons have been found in Yin Xu. Inscriptions on these oracle
bones bear invaluable testimony to the development of one of the world’s
oldest writing systems, ancient beliefs and social systems.



Old Town of Regensburg with Stadtamhof (Germany). Located on the Danube river
in Bavaria, this medieval town contains many buildings of exceptional quality
that testify to its history as a trading centre and to its influence on the
region as of the 9th century. It has preserved a notable number of historic
structures spanning some two millennia, including ancient Roman, Romanesque
and Gothic buildings. Regensburg’s 11th - 13th -century architecture –
including the market, City Hall and Cathedral, still defines the character of
the town marked by tall buildings, dark, narrow lanes, and strong
fortifications. The buildings include medieval Patrician houses and towers, a
large number of churches and monastic ensembles as well as the Old Bridge,
which dates from the 12th century. The town is also remarkable for the
vestiges that testify to its rich institutional and religious history as one
of the centres of the Holy Roman Empire that turned to Protestantism.



Bisotun (Islamic Republic of Iran). Bisotun is located along the ancient
trade route linking the Iranian high plateau with Mesopotamia and features
remains from the prehistoric times to the Median, Achaemenid, Sassanian, and
Ilkhanid periods. The principal monument of this archaeological site is the
bas-relief and cuneiform inscription ordered by Darius I, The Great, when he
rose to the throne of the Persian Empire, 521 BC. The bas-relief portrays
Darius holding a bow, as a sign of sovereignty, and treading on the chest of
a figure who lies on his back before him. According to legend, the figure
represents Gaumata, the Median Magus and pretender to the throne whose
assassination led to Darius’s rise to power. Below and around the bas-
reliefs, there are ca. 1,200 lines of inscriptions telling the story of the
battles Darius waged in 521-520 BC against the governors who attempted to
take apart the Empire founded by Cyrus. The inscription is written in three
languages. The oldest is an Elamite text referring to legends describing the
king and the rebellions. This is followed by a Babylonian version of similar
legends. The last phase of the inscription is particularly important, as it
is here that Darius introduced for the first time the Old Persian version of
his res gestae (things done). This is the only known monumental text of the
Achaemenids to document the re-establishment of the Empire by Darius I. It
also bears witness to the interchange of influences in the development of
monumental art and writing in the region of the Persian Empire. There are
also remains from the Median period (8th to 7th centuries B.C.) as well as
from the Achaemenid (6th to 4th centuries B.C.) and post-Achaemenid periods.



Genoa: Le Strade Nuove and the system of the Palazzi dei Rolli (Italy). The
Strade Nuove and the system of the Palazzi dei Rolli, in Genoa’s historic
centre (late 16th and early 17th centuries) represent the first example in
Europe of an urban development project with a unitary framework, where the
plans were specially parcelled out by a public authority and a particular
system of ‘public lodging’, based on legislation. The Rolli palaces were
residences built by the wealthiest and most powerful aristocratic families of
the Republic of Genoa at the height of its financial and seafaring power. The
site includes an ensemble of Renaissance and Baroque palaces along the so-
called ‘new streets’ (Strade Nuove). The grand residence palaces erected on
the Strada Nuova (now Via Garibaldi) in the late 16th century, formed the
quarter of the nobility, who under the constitution of 1528, had assumed the
government of the Republic. Palaces are generally three or four stories high
and feature spectacular open staircases, courtyards, and loggias overlooking
gardens, positioned at different levels in a relatively tight space. The
influence of this urban design model is evidenced by Italian and European
literature over the following decades. The palazzi offer an extraordinary
variety of different solutions, achieving universal value in adapting to the
particular characteristics of the site and to the requirements of a specific
social and economic organization. They also offer an original example of a
network of public hospitality houses for visits of state, as decreed by the
Senate in 1576. The owners of these palazzi were obliged to host state
visits, thus contributing to the dissemination of knowledge of an
architectural model and a residential culture which attracted famous artists
and travellers, and of which a significant example is a collection of
drawings by Pieter Paul Rubens.



The aflaj irrigation system (Oman). The property includes five aflaj
irrigation systems and represents some 3,000 such systems still in use in
Oman. The origins of this system of irrigation may date back to 500 A.D., but
archaeological evidence suggests that irrigation systems existed in

errata

[Gość: M]

14-07-2006 2:50 am The World Heritage Committee Thursday inscribed ten new
sites on UNESCO’s World Heritage List. A number of outstanding proposals for
inscription are to be discussed in the afternoon. The new sites inscribed are:



Sewell Mining Town (Chile). Situated 85 km south of the capital, Santiago in an
environment marked by extreme climate more than 2,000 m up the Andes, Sewell
Mining Town was built by the Braden Copper company in the early 20th century to
house workers at what was the world’s largest underground copper mine, El
Teniente. It is an outstanding example of the company towns that were born in
many remote parts of the world from the fusion of local labour and resources
from an industrialized nation, to mine and process high-value natural
resources. At its peak Sewell numbered 15,000 inhabitants, but was largely
abandoned in the 1970s. The town was built on a terrain too steep for wheeled
vehicles around a large central staircase rising from the railway station.
Along its route, formal squares of irregular shape with ornamental trees and
plants constituted the main public spaces or squares of the town. Off the
central staircase, paths ran along the contours leading to smaller squares and
secondary staircases linking the town’s different levels. The buildings lining
the streets are timber, often painted in vivid green, yellow, red and blue.
Designed in the U.S.A., most of them were built on a 19th century American
model, but the design of the Industrial School (1936), for example, is of
modernist inspiration. Sewell is the only mountain industrial mining settlement
of considerable size of the 20th century to have been built for year-round use.



Yin Xu (China). The archaeological site of Yin Xu, close to Anyang City, some
500 km south of Beijing, is an ancient capital city of the late Shang Dynasty
(1300 to 1046 BC). It testifies to the golden age of early Chinese culture,
crafts and sciences, a time of great prosperity of the Chinese Bronze Age. A
number of royal tombs and palaces, prototypes of later Chinese architecture,
have been unearthed on the site. The site includes the Palace and Royal
Ancestral Shrines Area (1,000m x 650m), with more than 80 house foundations,
and the only tomb of a member of the royal family of the Shang Dynasty to have
remained intact, the Tomb of Fu Hao. The large number and superb craftsmanship
of the burial accessories found there bear testimony to the advanced level of
Shang handicraft industry, and form now one of the national treasures of China.
Numerous pits containing bovine shoulder blades and turtle plastrons have been
found in Yin Xu. Inscriptions on these oracle bones bear invaluable testimony
to the development of one of the world’s oldest writing systems, ancient
beliefs and social systems.



Old Town of Regensburg with Stadtamhof (Germany). Located on the Danube river
in Bavaria, this medieval town contains many buildings of exceptional quality
that testify to its history as a trading centre and to its influence on the
region as of the 9th century. It has preserved a notable number of historic
structures spanning some two millennia, including ancient Roman, Romanesque and
Gothic buildings. Regensburg’s 11th - 13th -century architecture – including
the market, City Hall and Cathedral, still defines the character of the town
marked by tall buildings, dark, narrow lanes, and strong fortifications. The
buildings include medieval Patrician houses and towers, a large number of
churches and monastic ensembles as well as the Old Bridge, which dates from the
12th century. The town is also remarkable for the vestiges that testify to its
rich institutional and religious history as one of the centres of the Holy
Roman Empire that turned to Protestantism.



Bisotun (Islamic Republic of Iran). Bisotun is located along the ancient trade
route linking the Iranian high plateau with Mesopotamia and features remains
from the prehistoric times to the Median, Achaemenid, Sassanian, and Ilkhanid
periods. The principal monument of this archaeological site is the bas-relief
and cuneiform inscription ordered by Darius I, The Great, when he rose to the
throne of the Persian Empire, 521 BC. The bas-relief portrays Darius holding a
bow, as a sign of sovereignty, and treading on the chest of a figure who lies
on his back before him. According to legend, the figure represents Gaumata, the
Median Magus and pretender to the throne whose assassination led to Darius’s
rise to power. Below and around the bas-reliefs, there are ca. 1,200 lines of
inscriptions telling the story of the battles Darius waged in 521-520 BC
against the governors who attempted to take apart the Empire founded by Cyrus.
The inscription is written in three languages. The oldest is an Elamite text
referring to legends describing the king and the rebellions. This is followed
by a Babylonian version of similar legends. The last phase of the inscription
is particularly important, as it is here that Darius introduced for the first
time the Old Persian version of his res gestae (things done). This is the only
known monumental text of the Achaemenids to document the re-establishment of
the Empire by Darius I. It also bears witness to the interchange of influences
in the development of monumental art and writing in the region of the Persian
Empire. There are also remains from the Median period (8th to 7th centuries
B.C.) as well as from the Achaemenid (6th to 4th centuries B.C.) and post-
Achaemenid periods.



Genoa: Le Strade Nuove and the system of the Palazzi dei Rolli (Italy). The
Strade Nuove and the system of the Palazzi dei Rolli, in Genoa’s historic
centre (late 16th and early 17th centuries) represent the first example in
Europe of an urban development project with a unitary framework, where the
plans were specially parcelled out by a public authority and a particular
system of ‘public lodging’, based on legislation. The Rolli palaces were
residences built by the wealthiest and most powerful aristocratic families of
the Republic of Genoa at the height of its financial and seafaring power. The
site includes an ensemble of Renaissance and Baroque palaces along the so-
called ‘new streets’ (Strade Nuove). The grand residence palaces erected on the
Strada Nuova (now Via Garibaldi) in the late 16th century, formed the quarter
of the nobility, who under the constitution of 1528, had assumed the government
of the Republic. Palaces are generally three or four stories high and feature
spectacular open staircases, courtyards, and loggias overlooking gardens,
positioned at different levels in a relatively tight space. The influence of
this urban design model is evidenced by Italian and European literature over
the following decades. The palazzi offer an extraordinary variety of different
solutions, achieving universal value in adapting to the particular
characteristics of the site and to the requirements of a specific social and
economic organization. They also offer an original example of a network of
public hospitality houses for visits of state, as decreed by the Senate in
1576. The owners of these palazzi were obliged to host state visits, thus
contributing to the dissemination of knowledge of an architectural model and a
residential culture which attracted famous artists and travellers, and of which
a significant example is a collection of drawings by Pieter Paul Rubens.



The aflaj irrigation system (Oman). The property includes five aflaj irrigation
systems and represents some 3,000 such systems still in use in Oman. The
origins of this system of irrigation may date back to 500 A.D., but
archaeological evidence suggests that irrigation systems existed in this

c.d.

[Gość: M]

The aflaj irrigation system (Oman). The property includes five aflaj irrigation
systems and represents some 3,000 such systems still in use in Oman. The
origins of this system of irrigation may date back to 500 A.D., but
archaeological evidence suggests that irrigation systems existed in this
extremely arid area as early as 2,500 B.C. Aflaj, is the plural of falaj which,
in classical Arabic means to divide into shares and equitable sharing of a
scarce resources to ensure sustainability remains the hallmark of this
irrigation system. Using gravity, water is channelled from underground sources
or springs to support agriculture and domestic use, often over many kilometres.
The fair and effective management and sharing of water in villages and towns is
still underpinned by mutual dependence and communal values and guided by
astronomical observations. Numerous watchtowers built to defend the water
systems form part of the listed property reflecting the historic dependence of
communities on the aflaj system. Other buildings listed in association with the
aflaj are mosques, houses, sundials, and water auction buildings. Threatened by
the lowering level of the underground water table, the aflaj represent an
exceptionally well-preserved form of land use.



Centennial Hall in Wroclaw (Poland). The Centennial Hall (Jahrhunderthalle in
German and Hala Ludowa in Polish), a landmark in the history of reinforced
concrete architecture, was erected in 1911-1913 by Max Berg, at the time
municipal architect in Breslau, as the Polish city of Wrocław was called at the
time, when it was part of Germany. The Centennial Hall, a multi-purpose
recreational building, is a centrally-planned structure situated on the
Exhibition Grounds. The structure of the Centennial Hall is a symmetrical
quatrefoil form with a vast circular central space (65m diameter, 42m high)
that can seat some 6,000 persons. The 23m-high dome is topped with a lantern in
steel and glass. The windows are made of exotic hardwood and, in order to
improve the acoustics, the walls are covered with an insulating layer of
concrete mixed with wood or cork. The elevations have no decoration or
ornament, but the exposed concrete texture is marked with the imprints of the
wooden formwork. On the west side of the Centennial Hall is a monumental square
modelled like an ancient forum. On its north side is the Four-Dome Pavilion
designed by architect Hans Poelzig in 1912 to house an historical exhibition.
In the northern section of the Exhibition Grounds, Poelzig designed a concrete
pergola surrounding an artificial pond. Adjacent to the entrance is the office
building of the company administrating the Exhibition Grounds (Breslauer Messe
A.G.), built in 1937 to the design by Richard Konwiarz. A monumental gateway
leading to the forum, is in the form of a colonnade with reinforced concrete
columns, designed by Max Berg in 1924. The Centennial Hall is a pioneering work
of modern engineering and architecture, which exhibits an important interchange
of influences in the early 20th century, becoming a key reference in the later
development of reinforced concrete structures.



Vizcaya Bridge (Spain) straddles the mouth of the Ibaizabal estuary west of
Bilbao. It was designed by the Basque architect, Alberto de Palacio and
completed in 1893. The 45-metre-high bridge with its span of 160m, merges 19th-
century iron–working traditions with the then new lightweight technology of
twisted steel ropes. It was the first bridge in the world to carry people and
traffic on a high suspended gondola and was used as a model for many similar
bridges in Europe, Africa and the Americas but only a few of which survive.
With its innovative use of lightweight, twisted steel cables, it is regarded as
one of the outstanding architectural iron constructions of the Industrial
Revolution.



Crac des Chevaliers and Qal’at Salah El-Din (Syrian Arab Republic). The two
castles represent the most significant examples illustrating the exchange of
influences and documenting the evolution of fortified architecture in the Near
East during the time of the Crusades (11th to 13th century). The Crac des
Chevaliers was built by the Hospitaller Order of Saint John of Jerusalem from
1142 to 1271. With further construction by the Mamluks in the late 13th
century, it ranks among the best-preserved examples of the Crusade castles. It
is an archetype of the medieval castle, particularly of the military orders and
includes eight round towers built by the Hospitallers and a massive square
tower added by the Mamluks. Similarly, the Qal’at Salah El-Din (Fortress of
Saladin), even though partly in ruins, still represents an outstanding example
of this type of fortification, both in terms of the quality of construction and
the survival of historical stratigraphy. It retains features from its Byzantine
beginnings in the 10th century, the Frankish transformations in the late 12th
century and fortifications added by the Ayyubids dynasty (late 12th to mid-13th
century).



Cornwall and West Devon Mining Landscape (United Kingdom). Much of the
landscape of Cornwall and West Devon was transformed in the 18th and early 19th
centuries as a result of the rapid growth of pioneering copper and tin mining.
Its deep underground mines, engine houses, foundries, new towns, smallholdings,
ports and harbours, and ancillary industries together reflect prolific
innovation which, in the early 19th century, enabled the region to produce two
thirds of the world’s supply of copper. The substantial remains are a testimony
to the contribution Cornwall and West Devon made to the industrial revolution
in the rest of Britain and to the fundamental influence the area had on the
mining world at large. Cornish technology embodied in engines, engine houses
and mining equipment were exported around the world. Cornwall and West Devon
were the heartland from which mining technology rapidly spread. When Cornish
and West Devon mining declined in the 1860s, large numbers of miners emigrated
to work and live in mining communities based on Cornish traditions, in for
instance South Africa, Australia, and Central and South America, where Cornish
engine houses still survive.