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    • Gość: Oszołom z RM Cóż za szatański wątek! 666 wpisów z g.11.34!! IP: *.neoplus.adsl.tpnet.pl 30.04.03, 12:01
      • Gość: 777 The number 666 is cool ! IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 01.05.03, 22:10
        users.aol.com/s6sj7gt/mike666.htm
        Wild Narcissistic Numbers ?

        users.aol.com/s6sj7gt/mikewild.htm
        www.yk.rim.or.jp/~elieshoh/666.htm
        • Gość: alef-i The most irrational number IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 04.05.03, 15:57
          www.math.smith.edu/~phyllo/
          An irrational number by definition is one which cannot be written as the ratio
          of whole numbers. So it would seem that all irrational numbers are equally
          irrational. All pigs are equal, Orwell said, but some are more equal than
          others. And in fact there is a precise sense in which some irrational numbers
          are more irrational than others. This phenomenon has had important
          consequences in the organization of the natural world. In packing seeds around
          a core, many plants choose the strategy of placing each one at the most
          irrational angle possible to the one directly below it.


          www.ams.org/new-in-math/cover/irrational2.html
          The most irrational number
          The most irrational number turns out to be a number already well known in
          geometry. It is the number


          g = ( + 1)/2 = 1.618033...
          which is the length of the diagonal in a regular pentagon of side length 1.
          This number, known as the "golden mean," has played a large role in
          mathematical aesthetics. It is not clear whether its supreme irrationality has
          anything to do with its artistic applications.

          The golden mean satisfies the equation x2 - x - 1 = 0, so its continued
          fraction expansion is the simplest of all:


          g = 1 + 1
          ------
          1 + 1
          ------
          1 + 1
          ------
          1 + etc.

          Its convergents are 1, 2, 3/2, 5/3, 8/5, ... , the ratios of consecutive
          Fibonacci numbers.

          How well are these convergents approximating g? Here are the first few E/M
          ratios:

          convergent E/M
          c1 = 1/1 1.382
          c2 = 2/1 .8541
          c3 = 3/2 1.055
          c4 = 5/3 .9787
          c5 = 8/5 1.008
          c6 = 13/8 .9968
          c7 = 21/13 1.001
          c8 = 34/21 .9995
          ...


          Hurwitz' Theorem guarantees the existence of infinitely many convergents with
          E/M < 1. In this case the odd-numbered convergents must be discarded, and the
          even-numbered ones are getting as bad as they can be. (In fact this table is
          evidence that the factor in Hurwitz' theorem cannot be improved!)
          So the golden mean can never have a rational approximation as good as 22/7 was
          for or even as good as 7/5 was for .


          www.ams.org/new-in-math/cover/irrational3.html
          • Gość: * } Escher IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 05.05.03, 12:53
            www.instructionalimages.com/ecat/data/pictures/big/CE/47219.gif
            • Gość: *!*} Escher IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 05.05.03, 13:06
              www.mcescher.com/
              • Gość: :::::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::E:::s:::c:::h:::e:::r:::::::::::::: IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 05.05.03, 14:51
                www.mcescher.com/Gallery/recogn-bmp/LW399.jpg

                www.mcescher.com/Gallery/gallery-recogn.html

                www.mcescher.com/Gallery/recogn-bmp/LW426.jpg
                • Gość: <:> Introduction to the Uniramia IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 05.05.03, 22:18


                  <br>
                  <a>href="http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/arthropoda/uniramia/uniramia.html"target<
                  :></a><br>
                  • Gość: . . . . . . the REAL rulers of the Earth. . . IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 05.05.03, 22:26
                    <br>
                    <a>href="http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/arthropoda/uniramia/uniramia.html"target<
                    :>"</a><br>


                    By nearly any measure, the most successful animals on the planet are the
                    arthropods. They have conquered land, sea and air, and make up over three-
                    fourths of all currently known living and fossil organisms, or over one
                    million species in all. Since many arthropod species remain undocumented or
                    undiscovered, especially in tropical rain forests, the true number of living
                    arthropod species is probably in the tens of millions. One recent conservative
                    estimate puts the number of arthropod species in tropical forests at 6 to 9
                    million species (Thomas, 1990).

                    Arthropods range in distribution from the deep sea to mountain peaks, in size
                    from the king crab with its 12-foot armspan to microscopic insects and
                    crustaceans, and in taste from chocolate covered ants to crawfish jambalaya
                    and lobster Newburg. Despite this unbelievable diversity, the basic body plan
                    of arthropods is fairly constant. Arthropods have a stiff cuticle made largely
                    of chitin and proteins, forming an exoskeleton that may or may not be further
                    stiffened with calcium carbonate. They have segmented bodies and show various
                    patterns of segment fusion (tagmosis) to form integrated units (heads,
                    abdomens, and so on). The phylum takes its name from its distinctive jointed
                    appendages, which may be modified in a number of ways to form antennae,
                    mouthparts, and reproductive organs.



                    -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                    -

                    Click on the buttons below to learn more about the Arthropoda.

                    www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/arthropoda/arthropoda.html
                    • Gość: :.:.: : . . . the REAL rulers of the Earth. . . : IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 06.05.03, 00:23
                      . . .
                      <a>href="www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/arthropoda/arthropoda.html"target="_blank
                      ">.________._______.______.</a>


                      <a>href="www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/arthropoda/uniramia/uniramiamm.html"targe
                      t="_blank">.</a>
    • Gość: *} An overview of Babylonian mathematics IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 06.05.03, 00:38
      www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/HistTopics/Babylonian_mathematics.html
      www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Diagrams/Babylon_Map.jpeg
      www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/HistTopics/Babylonian_numerals.html
      www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Diagrams/Babylonian_symbols.gif
      www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/HistTopics/Babylonian_Pythagoras.html
      www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/HistTopics/Zero.html
      www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/HistTopics/Egyptian_numerals.html
      www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/HistTopics/Egyptian_papyri.html
      www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Indexes/Arabs.html
      • Gość: ***!|!|!*** An overview of mathematics IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 06.05.03, 02:31

        > .
        > .
        > .
        > .
        > .
        > .
        > .
        > .
        > .
        .
        Ball, Bing's Theorem, Bowl of Integers, Bubble, Circle, Cone-Sphere
        Intersection, Cylinder-Sphere Intersection, Dandelin Spheres, Diameter,
        Ellipsoid, Exotic Sphere, Fejes Tóth's Problem, Geodesic Dome, Glome,
        Hypersphere, Liebmann's Theorem, Liouville's Sphere-Preserving Theorem,
        Mikusinski's Problem, Noise Sphere, Oblate Spheroid, Osculating Sphere,
        Parallelizable, Prolate Spheroid, Radius, Space Division by Spheres, Sphere
        Packing, Sphere Line Picking, Sphere Point Picking, Sphere-Sphere Intersection
        mathworld.wolfram.com/SpaceDivisionbySpheres.html , Tangent Spheres,
        Tennis Ball Theorem


        • Gość: jedi maThematics IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 07.05.03, 11:59
          Optimal Geometry as Art
          .
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          .


          What is Mathematics?
          Mathematics can be defined as the study of abstract patterns. Numbers, of
          course, are one of the first examples of an abstraction: two plus three is
          five, whether we're adding apples, or oranges, or something abstract like
          ideas. But for mathematicians, patterns of even greater abstraction are found
          all around us.



          ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................



          .::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::.
          • Gość: }MTRX }maThematics IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 07.05.03, 13:15
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            • Gość: [.] }maThemaTrix[].[][]..[][][]... IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 08.05.03, 13:26
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              • Gość: *}* }maThemaTrix[].[][]..[][][].Re: .. IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 09.05.03, 13:24
                <a href="www-gap.dcs.st-
                and.ac.uk/~history/HistTopics/Babylonian_mathematics.html"target="_blank"�
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                9781
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                </a>
                • Gość: *}* }[ .ma.].[Trix][Thema]..[Re:][][]. IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 09.05.03, 17:41


                  <a
                  href=www-gap.dcs.st-
                  and.ac.uk/~history/HistTopics/Babylonian_mathematics.html"target="_blank"�
                  97112329313741157163434751673596167717379838997101103107109113127131137139</a>









                  • Gość: . }[ .ma.].[Trix][Thema]..[Re:][][]. IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 09.05.03, 17:46
                    > .
                    • Gość: *©*©* .... Punkty Widzenia...;) IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 12.05.03, 13:15
                      www.iranmania.com/forums/public/news/
                      www.hipakistan.com/en/detail.php?newsId=en25165&F_catID=&f_type=source
                      www.arabicnews.com/ansub/Daily/Day/030509/2003050913.html
                      • Gość: - meta IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 16.05.03, 01:58
                        vancouver-webpages.com/META/
                        • Gość: kbl }RECEIVING kuf-beit-lamed *corResponding IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 19.05.03, 23:24
                          META



                          RECEIVING

                          koach hamedameh

                          associative power
    • Gość: "|||" whatisthematrix ? IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 14.05.03, 02:23
      whatisthematrix.warnerbros.com/rl_cmp/reloaded_final_640.html
      • dr_frojd ReMatrix 18.05.03, 17:40
        :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

        |||

        :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

        www.math.ucla.edu/~tom/Game_Theory/comb.pdf
        ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

        www.math.ucla.edu/~tom/math167.html
        ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::


        www.math.ucla.edu/~tom/Stat200B.html
        :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

        www.math.ucla.edu/~tom/gamesolve.html
        :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

        davidmlane.com/hyperstat/index.html
        • Gość: mtrx:RE ZION CITY IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 20.05.03, 00:55

          :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

          |||

          :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

          ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

          :::::::::::::::::.::.:...:....:........................:

          ::_____________________::::::_________________________:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::


          :-:::--::--::::--::--:-:-:::::--::::::-:::-::-:-:-:::::-::::::-:::::-::-:::


          ==========================================================


          www.inner.org/hebleter/letterof.htm
          • Gość: כ actual_potential IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 21.05.03, 19:33
            www.inner.org/hebleter/kaf.htmכ
            The two letters of the full spelling of the kaf, are the initial letters of
            the two Hebrew words: koach ("potential") and poel ("actual").
            • Gość: 696 66699966699966699966699966699966699966699966699966 IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 22.05.03, 14:56
              Gość portalu: כ napisał(a):

              actual_potentiala


              10175637DNnXeFnoCJ

              • Gość: !}!}!} . IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 22.05.03, 22:08
                www.tulane.edu/~dmsander/WWW/109/icosanim.gif
                There are several reasons why viruses adopt icosahedral symmetry.
                One is that triangulating a dome into 20 is the best way of producing a shell
                of equivalently bonded identical structures. It is the minimum free energy
                structure. The real situation is more complicated than this, because all known
                viruses have more than 20 subunits. 60 subunits can obviously be arranged
                symmetrically around an icosahedron. Only a very few viruses have such a small
                number of subunits e.g. ØX174. This may be because it is difficult to maintain
                an integral particle with a small number of subunits. Viruses generally fit 60
                x N subunits into their capsids. N is sometimes called the triangulation
                number and values of 1,3,4,7,9,12 and more are permitted. However more than 60
                subunits cannot be arranged in an equivalent fashion around an icosahedron.

                www.tulane.edu/~dmsander/WWW/335/335Structure.html
                web.uct.ac.za/depts/mmi/stannard/virarch.html
    • Gość: Gość portalu: Fajne! Fajne IP: *.autistici.org 24.05.03, 18:38
      • Gość: Dresiarz Re: Fajne - wypas no nie? IP: *.neoplus.adsl.tpnet.pl 24.05.03, 18:41
        [][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][]][[]][[][]][][][][][][][][][][][][]
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        [][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][]][][][][][][][][][][][]
        [][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][]
        [][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][]]]][][][[[[][][][][][][][][][][][]
        [][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][[][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][[]
        [][]][][[][][][][][][][][]][][[][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][]][][][][[][][][]
        [][][][][][]][][[]][][][][][][][][][]][][][][][][]][][][][][][]][][][][][]][][]
        [][][][]][][][][][][]][][][][][][]][][][][][][]][][][][][][]][][][][]][][][][][]
        [][]][][][][][][]][][][][]][][][][][][][]][][][][]][][][][][]][][][][][][]][][]
        [][][][]][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][[][][][][][][][][][][][][][][]
        [][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][]
        • Gość: Skin Zajebiste!!! IP: *.neoplus.adsl.tpnet.pl 24.05.03, 18:43
          ********************************************************************************
          ********************************************************************************
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          • Gość: דלשמגשך >taggs?< IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 02.06.03, 02:18
            hem.passagen.se/zupa_grzybowa/index.html
            • Gość: . <<<<>>>> IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 05.06.03, 11:17

              taggs?





              <a href="דלשמגשך"target="_blank">
              דלשמגשך</a>

              • dr_frojd <<<<????????????????????????????????>>>> 08.06.03, 23:12
                ???????????????????????????????????????
                • dr_frojd <<<<!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!>>>> 08.06.03, 23:46
                  !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
                  • Gość: !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! <!!!!!<!!!!<!!<!! IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 16.06.03, 17:23
                    webnews.textalk.com/en/view.phtml?id=1055&dummy=1055118217
                    • Gość: c cell IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 19.06.03, 13:38
                      www.singlecell.org/index.html
                      • Gość: <© > copyRight IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 24.06.03, 17:37
                        webnews.textalk.com/se/article.phtml?id=19221
                        • zupagrzybowa {{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{ ***}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} 27.06.03, 18:47
                          www.genocide.prv.pl/
                          • Gość: <> Baruch Spinoza IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 01.07.03, 18:39
                            Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677)

                            -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                            Baruch Spinoza was one of the great philosophers of the age of Rationalism and
                            a major influence thereafter, as on, paradoxically, both of the bitter enemies
                            Arthur Schopenhauer and G.W.F. Hegel. From a Portuguese Jewish family that had
                            fled to the relative tolerance of the Netherlands, one of the most famous
                            things about Spinoza was his expulsion from the Dutch Jewish community. This
                            is often called an "excommunication," though, as I used to have a high school
                            teacher protest, there is really no such thing as "excommunication" in
                            Judaism. Nevertheless, Spinoza was expelled from the Jewish community and
                            anathematized. Although he is today recognized as one of the greatest Jewish
                            philosophers ever, and the chief Rabbis of Israel have been petitioned to
                            formally lift the curse upon him, this has not happened: Spinoza remains a
                            controversial person in Judaism, for very much the same reasons that led to
                            his expulsion in the first place. Spinoza's God is not the God of Abraham and
                            Isaac, not a personal God at all, and his system provides no reason for the
                            revelatory status of the Bible or the practice of Judaism, or of any religion,
                            for that matter.

                            Spinoza's alienation from his community is reflected in an alternative version
                            of his name. "Baruch" in Hebrew (bârûkh) means "Blessed"; but Spinoza began
                            using the name "Benedict," which in Latin (Benedictus) would mean "spoken well
                            of" or "praised." This reflects the circumstance that Spinoza, with whom Jews
                            were forbidden to associate, inevitably found friendship with Christians
                            instead. Nor was he unsympathetic with Christianity. However, there never was
                            any chance of Spinoza adhering to Christianity as a religion anymore than
                            Judaism. Spinoza's sympathy for Christianity, like Thomas Jefferson's, was
                            entirely for the moral teachings of Jesus, not for the theology, Christology,
                            or the promise of the means of salvation. Like Jefferson, again, Spinoza was a
                            kind of Unitarian, for whom the purely religious aspects of the religions were
                            nearly meaningless.

                            Although his major works went unpublished in his lifetime, Spinoza did acquire
                            concerned friends and some measure of favorable reputation. He had made a
                            living for a while by grinding lenses, where the dust had damaged his lungs.
                            The pension that his friends later obtained for him thus did not prevent him
                            from dying at a tragically young age of 45. His chance for an established
                            academic career, with an offer from a German university, was rejected,
                            naturally, because of the confessional conformity that would have been
                            required. Spinoza's life, consequently, though not irredeemably horrible,
                            seems on the whole sad, isolated, and blighted.

                            Besides tragedy, Spinoza's life and thought is most noteworthy for paradox. No
                            one would ever have thought to call Thomas Jefferson "the God intoxicated
                            man"; but although honoring, apparently, the same sort of rationalized,
                            secularized, and impersonal Deity, this is precisely what Spinoza has been
                            called. How does one, indeed, become "intoxicated" with such a God? Since
                            Spinoza explicitly identifies his God with Nature, it doesn't even seem to be
                            a God at all. How about "the Nature intoxicated man"? Spinoza today is often
                            cited by people who advocate a reductionistic scientism but who are willing to
                            retain some traditional terminology, so that the term "God" adds nothing to
                            the very same natural world described by science. This overlooks a great deal
                            of Spinoza's metaphysics, but the real challenge is how Spinoza's God, even
                            properly conceived, would provide any of the solace, comfort, and meaning of
                            tradition religion to someone like Spinoza. Exactly what was the emotional
                            pull of Spinoza's God on him?

                            We find the answer to this question in the realization that Spinoza is not
                            entirely a modern thinker and that his God in fact has antecedents in the
                            Middle Ages. It is too easy to get carried away with the evident conformity of
                            Spinoza's system to the requirements of science and overlook the foot that it
                            still has planted firmly in Mediaeval Jewish mysticism. Mediaeval Jewish
                            philosophy, in fact, was closely allied to the Neoplatonic philosophical
                            tradition of Late Antiquity, as this had been taken up and developed during
                            the intellectual flowering of Islâm in the 9th century. The details of
                            Spinoza's metaphysics, ironically but significantly, share much more with
                            Islâmic theology that with that of either Judaism or Christianity. It is not
                            clear that Spinoza was even aware of this (or that "Benedict" would be a
                            better translation of Muh.ammad, "Praised," than of "Baruch"), but it could
                            even be said to be the result of a similar emphasis on the uniqueness and
                            power of God.

                            Mediaeval Jewish philosophy reached its height in Spain with Moses Maimonides
                            (1135-1204) and Moses Nahmanides (1194-1270), as Mediaeval Jewish mysticism
                            reached its height with the Zohar of the Spanish Jew Moses ben Shem Tov.
                            Although more rationalistic than Nahmanides, Maimonides, one of the greatest
                            philosophers of the Middle Ages, was nevertheless in the Neoplatonic tradition
                            that had originally mixed both considerable rationalism and mysticism, i.e.
                            the belief in the possibility of personal knowledge, even union, with God and
                            the notion that "religious" truths are often really rational truths packaged
                            in a way comprehensible to the masses. Such views are the most plainly and
                            accessibly stated in Lenn Goodman's translation of the book of the Spanish
                            Islâmic philosopher Ibn Tufayl, Hayy Ibn Yaqzan. Islâmic philosophers
                            eventually got in trouble for such ideas. Jewish philosophers were less likely
                            to get in trouble with the authorities, until, that is, Spinoza.

                            We can gather how this works in Spinoza by examing the details of his
                            metaphysics, as found in Book I of his postumously published Ethics. The
                            fundamental thing to keep in mind when thinking about Spinoza is one simple,
                            striking, and paradoxical proposition: God is the only thing that exists.
                            Although a relatively unfamiliar notion in Western philosophy and religion,
                            this is a venerable position in India, and Spinoza's theory can be classified
                            as a version of "qualified Advaita Vedânta," where everything that we
                            ordinarily think of as existing, does exist as a part of God. It is also
                            noteworthy that the Jewish-Islâmic Mediaeval mystical tradition also
                            approached this. L.H. Grunebaum says of the Sufis, the Islamic mystics, "The
                            mere attribution of reality to any entity besides the One is polytheism"
                            [Medieval Islam, University of Chicago, 1946, 1969, p. 133].

                            In terms of modern philosophy, we have the term "pantheism," that God is
                            everything; but this can convey the wrong idea. It is not that God is
                            everything, as though everything exists individually and is somehow God, but
                            that nothing exists independently except God and that the "everything" we
                            ordinarily think of is a feature of God. Another term occasionally used for
                            Spinoza is "panentheism," that God is "in" everything; but this is even more
                            deceptive, since it makes it seem like God is a feature of things, rather than
                            the other way around.

                            The way that Spinoza argues it is that there is only one substance, and then
                            that there is only one individual of that substance. In the tradition of
                            Anselm and Descartes, God is a "Necessary Being," who cannot possibly not
                            exist. Existence is part of his essence, and he cannot be without it. But
                            existence is not the entire essence of God. Instead, the one substance is
                            characterized by an infinite number of attributes. Besides existence, we are
                            only aware of two of these: thought and extension. Thus, where Descartes had
                            seen thought as the unique essence of the subs
                            • Gość: xxx Re:sym/image6/7/34/96/79273496OeJYjj_fs.jpg IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 01.07.03, 23:54
                              community.webshots.com/sym/image6/7/34/96/79273496OeJYjj_fs.jpg
                    • Gość: :{א}: Re: <!!!!!<!!!!<!!<!! IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 31.08.03, 16:31
                      community.webshots.com/scripts/guestbook.fcgi?albumID=10677669
    • Gość: * GOLEM Z PRAGI IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 11.07.03, 19:49
      Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet

      Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consetetur sadipscing elitr, sed diam nonumy
      eirmod tempor invidunt ut labore et dolore magna aliquyam erat, sed diam
      voluptua.

      At vero eos et accusam et justo duo dolores et ea rebum. Stet clita kasd
      gubergren, no sea takimata sanctus est Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet. Lorem ipsum
      dolor sit amet, consetetur sadipscing elitr, sed diam nonumy eirmod tempor
      invidunt ut labore et dolore. Stet clita kasd gubergren, no sea takimata
      sanctus est Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consetetur
      sadipscing elitr, sed diam nonumy eirmod tempor invidunt ut labore et dolore
      • Gość: propAGit PRAGinfo IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 12.07.03, 14:36
        www.praginfo.com/vardattse/judisk.htm
        1899
        Enligt legenden skapade Rabbi Löw den konstgjorda människan - Golem - år 5340
        i den judiska kalender, vilket motsvarar år 1580.
        Han skapade Golem av lera vid Moldaus strand och lade i hans mun en "shem", en
        formel som gjorde denna robot levande. I en annan version ritade han i hans
        panna det hebreiska ordet Emeth (sanning). När han suddade bort den första
        bokstaven blev ordet Meth (död) kvar.

        Golem fick namnet Josele och arbetade som tjänare i Rabbi Löws hus. Han sägs
        ha varit snäll, lite tafatt men tjänstevillig. Men han talade inte. Varje
        sabbat plockade Rabbi Löw ut Golems "shem" och Golem blev livlös.
        Men en dag glömde Rabbi Löw att avlägsna "shemen" och Golem började löpa amok
        i den judiska staden. Han förstörde allt i sin väg med sin övernaturliga
        styrka tills Rabbi Löw hann komma springande från synagogan och ta ut "shemen".
        Då bestämde sig Rabbi Löw att aldrig mer ge liv åt Golem igen, den döda
        kroppen lades på vinden i den Gammalnya synagogan där den ligger än idag.


        www.praginfo.com/historia/golem.htm
        • Gość: * THE MAKING OF A GOLEM IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 13.07.03, 18:41
          THE MAKING OF A GOLEM
          (The following is Excerpted from Chayim Bloch, The Golem: Legends of the
          Ghetto of Prague, Harry Schneiderman, tr. (Vienna: John N. Vernay, 1925), pp.
          65--69.)
          In 1580, Rabbi Judah Loew spoke to G-d and asked him for advice on how to
          defend the Jews of Prague against the worst defamation in history, the
          terrible "Blood Libel" and he received the following instructions:

          Ato Bra Golem Devuk Hakhomer V'tigzar Zedim Chevel Torfe Yisroel
          Make a GOLEM out of Clay
          RABBI LOEW ARRANGED THESE WORDS in accordance with the Zirufim (formulas) laid
          down in the Sefer Yezirah (Book of Creation), with the result that he was
          filled with the conviction that he would be able, with the help of the letters
          revealed to him from Heaven, to make a living body out of clay.

          He sent for his son-in-law, Isaac ben Simson, who was a Kohen (priest), and
          for his pupil, Jacob ben Chayim Sasson, who was a Levi (Levite), and confided
          to them the mysterious manner in which he hoped to be able to make the Golem.

          Rabbi Loew said: "I wish to make a Golem, and I bespeak your collaboration
          because for this creative act the four elements, Aysch, Mayim, Ruach, Aphar
          (fire, water, air, and earth) are necessary. Thou, Isaac, art the element of
          fire; thou, Jakob, art the element of water; I, myself, am air; working
          together, we shall make out of the fourth element, earth, a Golem."

          Rabbi Loew, thereupon, gave them the minutest instructions how they must
          before all, through deep, earnest penitence, sanctify and purify themselves,
          in order to be prepared for the exalted work of creating a being of stone. He
          also pointed out to them the danger in which the three of them might be placed
          if, by reason of incomplete inner sanctification, the attempt would fail, for
          they would have used the Holy name in vain, or desecrated it.

          On the second day of the month of Adar, after midnight, the three men betook
          themselves to the Mikveh (the ritual bath of the Jews), immersed themselves
          this time with special reverence, then repaired to Rabbi Loew's house where
          they chanted the Hazoth, the midnight lament for Jerusalem, and in deepest
          devotion recited the appropriate Psalms. They then took out the Sefer Yezirah,
          from which Rabbi Loew read several chapters aloud. Finally, they wended their
          way to the outskirts of the city, to the banks of the Moldau. There, they
          sought and found a clay-bed and at once set to work....

          By torch-light and amidst the chanting of Psalms, the work was begun with
          feverish haste.

          They formed out of clay the figure of a person, three ells in length, and with
          all members. And the Golem lay before them with his face turned towards heaven.

          The three men then placed themselves at its feet, so that they could gaze
          fully into its face.

          It lay there like a dead body, without any movement.

          Then, Rabbi Loew bade the Kohen walk seven times around the clay body, from
          right to left, confiding to him the Zirufim (charms) which he was to recite
          while doing this.

          When this was done, the clay body became red, like fire.

          Then Rabbi Loew bade the Levite walk the same number of times, from left to
          right, and taught him also the formulas suitable to his element. As he
          completed his task, the fire-redness was extinguished, and water flowed
          through the clay body; hair sprouted on its head, and nails appeared on the
          fingers and toes.

          Then Rabbi Loew himself walked once around the figure, placed in its mouth a
          piece of parchment inscribed with the Schem (the name of God); and, bowing to
          the East and the West, the South and the North, all three recited
          together: "And he breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man
          became a living soul." (Genesis 2:7)

          And the three elements, Fire, Water, and Air, brought it about that the fourth
          element, Earth, became living. The Golem opened his eyes and looked,
          astonished, about him.

          And Rabbi Loew said to him: "Stand up!" And he stood up.

          Then they dressed him in the garments of a Shammes (sexton) and he was soon,
          to all appearances, an ordinary person; only the faculty of speech was lacking
          to him, for those words which Heaven had confided to him did not possess the
          power to control those Zirufim which could have endowed the Golem with speech.
          And that was really an advantage. God knows what could have happened if a
          Golem had been given the faculty of speech also!

          At daybreak, four men went homeward.

          On the way, Rabbi Loew thus addressed the Golem: "Know thou that we have
          formed thee from a clod of earth. It will be thy task to protect the Jews from
          persecution. Thou shalt be called Joseph and thou shalt lodge in the home of
          the Rabbi. Thou, Joseph, must obey my commands, when and whither I may send
          thee--in fire and water; or if I command you to jump from the housetop, or if
          I send thee to the bed of the sea!"

          Joseph nodded in token of assent.

          Thus began the adventures of Joseph the Golem that continued until 1593, when
          it was deemed that his usefulness was over and he was transformed back into a
          clod of clay.


          -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
          -

          The story of the Golem is a story about good and evil. The story takes place
          in sixteenth-century Prague, the Jewish Ghetto of Eastern Europe where Jews
          were being attacked following the Blood Libel, a rumor that Jews were making
          their Passover matzot from the blood of Christian children. To protect the
          Jews, Rabbi Loew decided to invoke the Golem, a giant made of clay.

          After he created this creature made of clay, the rabbi placed the word "emet"
          (meaning "truth") on the Golem's forehead. And, every night the Golem would
          leave the Ghetto and catch those making these false accusations of the "blood
          libel" and deliver them to the authorities. But, as the Golem grows bigger and
          becomes more violent, he kills many of his enemies and the safety is promised
          to the rabbi if he will destroy his Golem The Golem tries to remain a man of
          clay, but the rabbi removes the first letter from his forehead,
          changing "emet" to "met" (meaning "death") and the Golem collapses back into a
          mound of clay.

          [The Golem has been compared to King Kong and to Mary Shelly's Frankenstein,
          which undoubtedly had an influence on those stories.]
          The belief was that such a golem could serve to protect the Jewish people in
          times of great trouble. Somewhere a golem may be "waiting to be brought back
          to life... or perhaps he is here now?"

          And, as legend has it, the golem, which looks and acts like a person but has
          superhuman powers, is born through the recitation of a kabbalistic formula.
          One such golem, created by Rabbi Judah Leow (1513-1609), was said to have
          saved the Jews in Prague from a pogroms (massacres of Jews).

          pnews.org/bio/2golem.shtml
          • Gość: <©> Re: THE MAKING OF A GOLEM IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 15.07.03, 03:12
            Gość portalu: * napisał(a):

            > THE MAKING OF A GOLEM
            > (The following is Excerpted from Chayim Bloch, The Golem: Legends of the
            > Ghetto of Prague, Harry Schneiderman, tr. (Vienna: John N. Vernay, 1925),
            pp.
            > 65--69.)
            > In 1580, Rabbi Judah Loew spoke to G-d and asked him for advice on how to
            > defend the Jews of Prague against the worst defamation in history, the
            > terrible "Blood Libel" and he received the following instructions:
            >
            > Ato Bra Golem Devuk Hakhomer V'tigzar Zedim Chevel Torfe Yisroel
            > Make a GOLEM out of Clay
            > RABBI LOEW ARRANGED THESE WORDS in accordance with the Zirufim (formulas)
            laid
            > down in the Sefer Yezirah (Book of Creation), with the result that he was
            > filled with the conviction that he would be able, with the help of the
            letters
            > revealed to him from Heaven, to make a living body out of clay.
            >
            > He sent for his son-in-law, Isaac ben Simson, who was a Kohen (priest), and
            > for his pupil, Jacob ben Chayim Sasson, who was a Levi (Levite), and
            confided
            > to them the mysterious manner in which he hoped to be able to make the Golem.
            >
            > Rabbi Loew said: "I wish to make a Golem, and I bespeak your collaboration
            > because for this creative act the four elements, Aysch, Mayim, Ruach, Aphar
            > (fire, water, air, and earth) are necessary. Thou, Isaac, art the element of
            > fire; thou, Jakob, art the element of water; I, myself, am air; working
            > together, we shall make out of the fourth element, earth, a Golem."
            >
            > Rabbi Loew, thereupon, gave them the minutest instructions how they must
            > before all, through deep, earnest penitence, sanctify and purify themselves,
            > in order to be prepared for the exalted work of creating a being of stone.
            He
            > also pointed out to them the danger in which the three of them might be
            placed
            > if, by reason of incomplete inner sanctification, the attempt would fail,
            for
            > they would have used the Holy name in vain, or desecrated it.
            >
            > On the second day of the month of Adar, after midnight, the three men betook
            > themselves to the Mikveh (the ritual bath of the Jews), immersed themselves
            > this time with special reverence, then repaired to Rabbi Loew's house where
            > they chanted the Hazoth, the midnight lament for Jerusalem, and in deepest
            > devotion recited the appropriate Psalms. They then took out the Sefer
            Yezirah,
            > from which Rabbi Loew read several chapters aloud. Finally, they wended
            their
            > way to the outskirts of the city, to the banks of the Moldau. There, they
            > sought and found a clay-bed and at once set to work....
            >
            > By torch-light and amidst the chanting of Psalms, the work was begun with
            > feverish haste.
            >
            > They formed out of clay the figure of a person, three ells in length, and
            with
            > all members. And the Golem lay before them with his face turned towards
            heaven.
            >
            > The three men then placed themselves at its feet, so that they could gaze
            > fully into its face.
            >
            > It lay there like a dead body, without any movement.
            >
            > Then, Rabbi Loew bade the Kohen walk seven times around the clay body, from
            > right to left, confiding to him the Zirufim (charms) which he was to recite
            > while doing this.
            >
            > When this was done, the clay body became red, like fire.
            >
            > Then Rabbi Loew bade the Levite walk the same number of times, from left to
            > right, and taught him also the formulas suitable to his element. As he
            > completed his task, the fire-redness was extinguished, and water flowed
            > through the clay body; hair sprouted on its head, and nails appeared on the
            > fingers and toes.
            >
            > Then Rabbi Loew himself walked once around the figure, placed in its mouth a
            > piece of parchment inscribed with the Schem (the name of God); and, bowing
            to
            > the East and the West, the South and the North, all three recited
            > together: "And he breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man
            > became a living soul." (Genesis 2:7)
            >
            > And the three elements, Fire, Water, and Air, brought it about that the
            fourth
            > element, Earth, became living. The Golem opened his eyes and looked,
            > astonished, about him.
            >
            > And Rabbi Loew said to him: "Stand up!" And he stood up.
            >
            > Then they dressed him in the garments of a Shammes (sexton) and he was soon,
            > to all appearances, an ordinary person; only the faculty of speech was
            lacking
            > to him, for those words which Heaven had confided to him did not possess the
            > power to control those Zirufim which could have endowed the Golem with
            speech.
            > And that was really an advantage. God knows what could have happened if a
            > Golem had been given the faculty of speech also!
            >
            > At daybreak, four men went homeward.
            >
            > On the way, Rabbi Loew thus addressed the Golem: "Know thou that we have
            > formed thee from a clod of earth. It will be thy task to protect the Jews
            from
            > persecution. Thou shalt be called Joseph and thou shalt lodge in the home of
            > the Rabbi. Thou, Joseph, must obey my commands, when and whither I may send
            > thee--in fire and water; or if I command you to jump from the housetop, or
            if
            > I send thee to the bed of the sea!"
            >
            > Joseph nodded in token of assent.
            >
            > Thus began the adventures of Joseph the Golem that continued until 1593,
            when
            > it was deemed that his usefulness was over and he was transformed back into
            a
            > clod of clay.
            >
            >
            > -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
            --
            > -
            >
            > The story of the Golem is a story about good and evil. The story takes place
            > in sixteenth-century Prague, the Jewish Ghetto of Eastern Europe where Jews
            > were being attacked following the Blood Libel, a rumor that Jews were making
            > their Passover matzot from the blood of Christian children. To protect the
            > Jews, Rabbi Loew decided to invoke the Golem, a giant made of clay.
            >
            > After he created this creature made of clay, the rabbi placed the
            word "emet"
            > (meaning "truth") on the Golem's forehead. And, every night the Golem would
            > leave the Ghetto and catch those making these false accusations of
            the "blood
            > libel" and deliver them to the authorities. But, as the Golem grows bigger
            and
            > becomes more violent, he kills many of his enemies and the safety is
            promised
            > to the rabbi if he will destroy his Golem The Golem tries to remain a man of
            > clay, but the rabbi removes the first letter from his forehead,
            > changing "emet" to "met" (meaning "death") and the Golem collapses back into
            a
            > mound of clay.
            >
            > [The Golem has been compared to King Kong and to Mary Shelly's Frankenstein,
            > which undoubtedly had an influence on those stories.]
            > The belief was that such a golem could serve to protect the Jewish people in
            > times of great trouble. Somewhere a golem may be "waiting to be brought back
            > to life... or perhaps he is here now?"
            >
            > And, as legend has it, the golem, which looks and acts like a person but has
            > superhuman powers, is born through the recitation of a kabbalistic formula.
            > One such golem, created by Rabbi Judah Leow (1513-1609), was said to have
            > saved the Jews in Prague from a pogroms (massacres of Jews).
            >
            >


            GOLEM
            • zupagrzybowa Mental Imagery 19.07.03, 02:42
              Mental Imagery

              plato.stanford.edu/entries/mental-imagery/#1

              Mental imagery (sometimes colloquially called visualization, or "seeing in the
              mind's eye") is experience that resembles perceptual experience, but which
              occurs in the absence of the appropriate stimuli for the relevant perception
              (cf. Finke, 1989; McKellar, 1957). Very often these experiences are understood
              by their subjects as echoes or reconstructions of actual perceptual
              experiences from their past; at other times they may seem to anticipate
              possible, often desired or feared, future experiences. Thus imagery has often
              been believed to play a very large, even pivotal, role in both memory (Yates,
              1966; Paivio, 1986) and motivation (McMahon, 1973). It is also commonly
              believed to be centrally involved in visuo-spatial reasoning and inventive or
              creative thought. Indeed, it has usually been regarded as crucial for all
              thought processes, although, during the 20th century in particular, this has
              been called into question.
              1. Terminological and Definitional Problems
              2. Ancient, Medieval, and Modern Imagery [not yet available]
              3. The Eclipse of Imagery in Scientific Psychology

              plato.stanford.edu/entries/mental-imagery/#3

              3.1 Founders of Experimental Psychology: Wilhelm Wundt and William James
              3.2 Edward B. Titchener: The Complete Iconophile
              3.3 The Perky Experiment
              3.4 The Imageless Thought Controversy
              3.5 European Responses: Jaensch, Freud, and Gestalt Psychology

              plato.stanford.edu/entries/mental-imagery/#a3Gestalt

              3.6 The American Response: Behaviorist Iconophobia (and Motor Theories of
              Imagery)

              plato.stanford.edu/entries/mental-imagery/#a3Behaviorism

              4. Imagery in Cognitive Science [not yet available]
              Bibliography
              Other Internet Resources
              • datsh ToneGenerator 19.07.03, 21:27
                www.dsptutor.freeuk.com/dtmf/ToneGenerator.html

                mathworld.wolfram.com/ChineseCheckers.html
    • Gość: zupagrzybowa 717 IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 21.07.03, 01:03
      www.boeing.com/commercial/717/sitemap.html


      www.thedirectory.org/pref/search/717.htm


      www.friends-tv.org/zz717.html


      www.bartleby.com/110/717.html


      www4.law.cornell.edu/uscode/31/717.html


      www.smhi.se/cost717/

      www.tripadvisor.com/Hotel_Review-g188590-d232397-Reviews-Hotel_717-Amsterdam_Noord_Holland.html



      www.pagrandlodge.org/districtd/717/
      • Gość: demo Re: 718 IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 30.07.03, 02:40
        www.bostonfirelocal718.org/

        www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/LocusLink/LocRpt.cgi?l=718

        www.thedirectory.org/pref/search/718.htm
    • Gość: *!*} :-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-: IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 30.07.03, 11:18
      720
      www.720.co.za/
      www.livejournal.com/community/720
      • drf Re: :-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:- 04.09.03, 19:53
        Gość portalu: *!*} napisał(a):

        > 720
        > www.720.co.za/
        > www.livejournal.com/community/720
        ©
    • Gość: zupagrzybowa gwiazdy i gwiazdozbiory IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 31.07.03, 00:53
      www.spacetelescope.org/goodies/bestof24.html
      • Gość: min bKrotkiMiniKursNawigacjiPrzestrzennej IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 02.08.03, 01:36

        c+o=©
        • zupagrzybowa PrzestrzenMiedzyLiterami 25.08.03, 22:56
          Gość portalu: min napisał(a):
          1 c+o=©
          2 co = c+o
          • Gość: semafor antySemAntyka antySemiOtyka IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 28.08.03, 01:54
            holyGRAM?
    • zupagrzybowa Strindberg crater, Mercury 28.08.03, 23:18
      miac.uqac.ca/MIAC/strindberg.htm
      www.littlebluelight.com/lblphp/links.php?ikey=26
    • Gość: m i IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 30.08.03, 16:41
      nimalizm
      • Gość: <©> Abu 'Imran Musa ibn Maymun ibn 'Ubayd Allah IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 04.09.03, 02:22
        www.firstthings.com/ftissues/ft9902/articles/novak.html
        • Gość: matrixO Mental Imagery: Around c=-1.92, there is chaos IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 05.09.03, 21:07
          www.xs4all.nl/%7Enotnot/index.html
          www.xs4all.nl/%7Enotnot/breed/BREEDmodels.html
          www.csse.monash.edu.au/~iterate/SI/earlyProgramme.html
          About Graphical Iteration
          Given a point x, f(x) is its iterate under function f. The dynamics of f is
          understanding what happens to points after successive iterates. Graphical
          iteration is a visual technique to see where points go under iteraton. Above
          you see a graph of your function y=f(x) and a graph of the identity function
          y=i(x). When you choose a value x to iterate, the program draws a vertical
          line to first iterate, (x,f(x)). Then it draws a horizantal line to the point
          (f(x),f(x)) on the graph of the identity function. This allows a second
          iteration, because drawing a vertical line from here to the graph of f gives
          the point (f(x), f(f(x))), the second iterate. Repeating this process gives
          all the iterates of x.

          What to look for
          Notice that there is an attracting fixed point at c=0. As c decreases, the
          fixed point ceases to be attracting and a period two orbit forms. This is
          called a period doubling bifurcation. Move the scroll bar to see this
          bifurcation occur. As c decreases further, the period two orbit ceases to
          attract and there is an attracting period four orbit. This process continues,
          with each period 2^n orbit ceasing to attract exactly when a period 2^(n+1)
          orbit forms. This is called a period doubling cascade. Finally, there are
          points of all periods. Around c=-1.92, there is chaos.
          Acknowledgements
          One-Dimensional Iteration applet written by Evelyn Sander with the help of
          Packer Layout written by Daeron Meyer.

          www.geom.uiuc.edu/java/iteration/
          • zupagrzybowa jewishWorldReview 08.09.03, 00:37
            www.jewishworldreview.com/
            www.ktth.com/pages/nationalnews.html
            www.jewishworldreview.com/0598/holiness.ram
        • zupagrzybowa The Mind of Maimonides by David Novak 09.09.03, 19:32
          About Moses Maimonides there is an old Jewish folk saying: "From Moses to
          Moses there was none like Moses." No one brought forth the teaching of Moses
          and his prophetic and rabbinic successors more comprehensively and
          systematically than did Maimonides. More has been said and written about him
          than any other Jewish thinker throughout history. Indeed, many great debates
          since his death have revolved around the question of just who interpreted
          Maimonides correctly and who did not. To get Maimonides right has been for
          many to get Judaism right. His role in the history of Jewish thought is
          comparable to the role of Thomas Aquinas in Catholic thought. Just as Aquinas
          (who was influenced by Maimonides) treated with respect all great theologians
          and philosophers irrespective of religious differences with them, Maimonides
          did the same with the pagans, Christians, and Muslims, saying about
          them: "Accept the truth, whatever its source." Indeed, Maimonides himself is a
          marvelous companion for anyone searching for truth. He could well be
          considered the outstanding thinker of the twelfth century in the West. His
          unsurpassed contributions to both Judaism and Western thought left neither
          quite the same.

          His actual name was Moses son of Rabbi Maimon the Spaniard, "Maimonides" being
          the name his Latin translators gave him, namely, "son of Maimon." (Jews have
          traditionally referred to him by the acronym Rambam.) We know very little
          about his early life. He was born in 1135 into a distinguished family of
          rabbinic scholars in Cordoba in Andalus, then part of Muslim (or "Moorish")
          Spain. His father was his first and most significant teacher. No doubt he was
          a very precocious youth; he wrote a treatise on proper linguistic usage of
          theological terms that he probably completed around the age of sixteen.
          Because of the persecution of non–Muslims by the fanatical Almohad sect,
          Maimonides and his family were forced to leave Spain when he was in his late
          teens. They wandered for years in North Africa, where it seems they frequently
          had to pose as Muslims. After living for a time in the land of Israel, the
          family finally settled permanently in Fustat, the old city of Cairo in Egypt.

          It was Maimonides’ good fortune that he did not have to earn a living during
          his intellectually formative years; his older brother David, a wealthy pearl
          merchant, supported him. But David died in a shipwreck in the Indian Ocean
          when Moses was about thirty and his comfortable life was shattered, both
          financially and emotionally. For about a year, it seems, he remained sunk in a
          deep depression, during which time he accomplished almost nothing. Eventually
          his emotional health was restored, and his highly creative career thenceforth
          moved on at a steady pace. (His advice concerning the treatment of melancholia
          bears the unmistakable stamp of personal experience and practice.)

          Until rather late in the Middle Ages, rabbis were not paid for their services—
          since Moses taught the Torah for free, so should his successors. For that
          reason, Maimonides like any other rabbi had to adopt a profession in the
          world, and like many intellectually gifted medieval rabbis he became a
          physician. His medical reputation seems to have grown with his reputation as a
          teacher of the Jewish tradition. His speciality was gastroenterology and a
          number of short treatises he wrote have survived and are useful even today,
          due to his emphasis on preventive medicine. His advice on proper diet and
          healthy activities has a very contemporary ring to it. He rose to become the
          court physician to the political head of his society, the Sultan, and to his
          court. He was also the acknowledged religious leader of his own Egyptian
          Jewish community. Soon his fame spread to other Jewish communities, whose
          leaders consulted him about the most significant questions of law and theology—
          although a number of Jewish authorities bitterly opposed him as a dangerous
          radical. For years he maintained a grueling professional schedule, combining
          his medical practice, community leadership, scholarship, teaching, and an
          international correspondence.

          The last few years of his life were devoted to what we would call today a
          charity clinic. It seems that he regarded his main intellectual work to have
          by then been completed and he wanted to devote the rest of his life to putting
          into practice the theory of imitatio Dei he had presented at the end of his
          major work in philosophical theology, the Guide of the Perplexed. Maimonides
          died in 1204, and, according to tradition, was buried in Tiberius in the land
          of Israel. His immediate intellectual successor was his only son, Abraham, a
          gifted scholar though no match for his father.

          Aside from treatises and responsa on a variety of religious and scientific
          topics, Maimonides wrote three major works. His first was a commentary on the
          Mishnah, which is the second–century compendium upon which the discussions in
          the Talmud are based. Next to Scripture, the Mishnah is the most important
          book in Judaism. Though it is called a "commentary," this first great work of
          Maimonides is actually more of a digest of the main points of the Mishnah and
          their subsequent development in the Talmud than it is an actual line–by–line
          exegesis of an older text. It could well be seen as preparatory for his second
          major work, what Maimonides himself called "our great compilation," Mishneh
          Torah, the fourteen–volume systematization of all Jewish law from Scripture to
          his own day. (The relation of the first work to the second work could be
          compared to Aquinas’ commentary on the Sentences of Peter Lombard in relation
          to his "great compilation," the Summa Theologiae.) Mishneh Torah is a
          theological as well as a legal work; Maimonides thought that Jewish theology,
          itself mandated by the law, should aspire to the precision that characterizes
          discussions of the law.

          Finally, there is his third great work, Guide of the Perplexed, the product of
          his later period. It is devoted to what he considered to be the most important
          philosophical questions concerning Jewish theology, especially as those
          questions relate to the text of Scripture. The Guide, when translated from its
          original Arabic into Hebrew during Maimonides’ lifetime, became the most
          important work in philosophical theology for Jews thereafter; and when it was
          translated into Latin shortly after his death, it was taken most seriously by
          Aquinas and a number of later Christian thinkers. (The irony of this fame is
          that Maimonides wrote the Guide for only a select number of his disciples,
          those worthy of being initiated into the "secrets of the Torah.") The Guide is
          also the book that the renegade from Judaism, Baruch Spinoza, felt had to be
          overcome if philosophy was ever to become independent of revelation.

          Maimonides’ work itself might be seen as a response to three challenges to his
          understanding of Judaism: 1) the Jewish tradition itself, 2) Greek natural
          science, metaphysics, and ethics/politics ("philosophy" in the broad Platonic–
          Aristotelian sense) as transmitted through Arabic sources, and 3) Christianity
          and Islam.

          The Jewish tradition, itself built upon the discussions of the ancient rabbis
          in the Talmud and related literature, posed the greatest difficulty for the
          philosophical mind of Maimonides. The challenge was to organize in an
          architectonic structure a vast body of data that, on the surface anyway,
          appears to be hopelessly disjointed and even random. Others before him had
          tried to tackle this problem—most notably, Isaac Alfasi as regards the legal
          data and Saadiah Gaon as regards the theological data. Their impressive
          efforts were still piecemeal compared to that of Maimonides. Alfasi
          essen
          • Gość: <©> ZYDZI INDYJSCY IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 10.09.03, 12:19
            www.us-israel.org/jsource/Judaism/indians.html



            The Virtual Jewish History Tour
            India

            -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            -





            India has a legacy of three distinct Jewish groups: the Bene Israel, the
            Cochin Jews and the White Jews from Europe. Each group practiced important
            elements of Judaism and had active synagogues. The Sephardic rites predominate
            among Indian Jews.

            The Bene Israel ("Sons of Israel") lived primarily in Bombay, Calcutta, Old
            Delhi and Ahmadabad. The native language of the Bene Israel was Marathi, while
            the Cochin Jews of southern India spoke Malayalam.

            The Bene Israel claim to be descended from Jews who escaped persecution in
            Galilee in the 2nd century B.C.E. The Bene Israel resemble the non-Jewish
            Maratha people in appearance and customs, which indicates intermarriage
            between Jews and Indians. The Bene Israel, however, maintained the practices
            of Jewish dietary laws, circumcision and observation of Sabbath as a day of
            rest.

            The Bene Israel say their ancestors were oil pressers in the Galil and they
            are descended from survivors of a shipwreck. In the 18th Century they
            were "discovered" by traders from Baghdad. At that time the Bene Israel were
            practicing just a few outward forms of Judaism (which is how they were
            recognized) but had no scholars of their own. Teachers from Baghdad and Cochin
            taught them mainstream Judaism in the 18th and 19th centuries.

            Jewish merchants from Europe traveled to India in the medieval period for
            purposes of trade, but it is not clear whether they formed permanent
            settlements in south Asia. Our first reliable evidence of Jews living in India
            comes from the early 11th century. It is certain that the first Jewish
            settlements were centered along the western coast. Abraham ibn Daud's 12th
            century reference to Jews of India is unfortunately vague and we do not have
            further references to Indian Jews until several centuries later.

            The first Jews in Cochin (southern India) were the so-called "Black Jews," who
            spoke the Malayalam tongue. The "White Jews" settled later, coming to India
            from western European nations such as Holland and Spain. A notable settlement
            of Spanish and Portuguese Jews starting in the 15th century was Goa, but this
            settlement eventually disappeared. In the 17th and 18th centuries, Cochin had
            an influx of Jewish settlers from the Middle East, North Africa and Spain.

            The Jews of Cochin say that they came to Cranganore (south-west coast of
            India) after the destruction of the Temple in 70 C.E. They had, in effect,
            their own principality for many centuries until a chieftainship dispute broke
            out between two brothers in the 15th century. The dispute led neighboring
            princes to dispossess them. In 1524, the Moors, backed by the ruler of Calicut
            (today called Kozhikode) attacked the Jews of Cranganore on the pretext that
            they were "tampering" with the pepper trade. Most Jews fled to Cochin and went
            under the protection of the Hindu Raja there. He granted them a site for their
            own town that later acquired the name "Jew Town" (by which it is still known).

            Unfortunately for the Jews of Cochin, the Portuguese occupied Cochin in this
            same period and indulged in persecution of the Jews until the Dutch displaced
            them in 1660. The Dutch Protestants were tolerant and the Jews prospered. In
            1795 Cochin passed into the British sphere of influence. In the 19th century,
            Cochin Jews lived in the towns of Cochin, Ernakulam and Parur. Today most of
            Cochin's Jews have emigrated (principally to Israel).

            Sixteenth and 17th century migrations created important settlements of Jews
            from Persia, Afghanistan and Characin (Central Asia) in northern India and
            Kashmir. By the late 18th century, Bombay became the largest Jewish community
            in India. Bene Israel Jews lived in Bombay, as did Iraqi and Persian Jews.

            Near the end of the 18th century, a third group of Indian Jews appears. They
            are the middle-eastern Jews who came to India through trade. They established
            a trading network stretching from Aleppo to Baghdad to Basra to Surat/Bombay
            to Calcutta to Rangoon to Singapore to Hong Kong and eventually as far as
            Kobe, Japan. There were strong family bonds amongst the traders in all these
            places.

            Typical is the founder of the Calcutta community, Shalom Aharon Ovadiah
            HaCohen. He was born in Aleppo in 1762 and left in 1789. He arrived in Surat
            in 1792 and established himself there. He traded as far as Zanzibar. In 1798
            he moved to Calcutta. In 1805 he was joined by his nephew, Moses Simon Duek
            HaCohen, who married his eldest daughter Lunah. Soon the community was swelled
            by other traders and Baghdadis outnumbered those from Aleppo.

            Under British rule, the Jews of India achieved their maximum population and
            wealth, and the Calcutta community continued to grow and prosper and trade
            amongst all the cities of the Far East and to the rest of the world. The
            Indians were very tolerant and the Jews of Calcutta felt completely at home.
            Their numbers reached a peak of about 5,000 during World War II when they were
            swelled by refugees fleeing the Japanese advance into Burma.

            The first generations of Calcutta Jews spoke Judeo-Arabic at home, but by the
            1890s English was the language of choice. After WWII, the rise of Indian
            nationalism made Jews feel less comfortable because they were identified with
            the English by the Indians. India's Jewish population declined dramatically
            starting in the 1940s with heavy immigration to Israel, England and the United
            States. This is were most Indian Jews live today.
            • Gość: *©*©* W POSZUKIWANIU INTELIGENCJI.... IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 13.09.03, 19:54
              webhome.idirect.com/~donlong/monsters/Html/Burak.htm
              seti.alien.de/
              • zupagrzybowa Komputerowe wirusy i robaki ??? 15.09.03, 04:48
                PCkurier 8/2002 )) DODATEK SPECJALNY )) BEZPIECZEŃSTWO
                Zwalczanie programów złośliwych metodami heurystycznymi
                W poszukiwaniu panaceum
                Autor: Adam Błaszczyk
                Komputerowe wirusy i robaki stają się coraz bardziej dokuczliwe, stosują
                bowiem coraz bardziej wyrafinowane techniki konspiracji. Twórcy oprogramowania
                profilaktycznego próbują sprostać zagrożeniom za pomocą równie nowatorskich
                metod - technik heurystycznych i systemów o zasięgu globalnym.
                Wiele dyskutuje się o poprawie skuteczności metod zwalczania komputerowych
                bakcyli, nie istnieje jednak jedna uniwersalna recepta na bezpieczeństwo. Oto
                najczęściej brane pod uwagę elementy profilaktyki i terapii antywirusowej:

                neutralizacja przesyłek zawierających bakcyla zanim dotrze on do komputera
                użytkownika (filtry zawartości poczty, systemy IDS, ściany ogniowe),
                niedopuszczenie do uruchomienia wirusa na komputerze (monitory antywirusowe,
                piaskownice, maszyny wirtualne),
                uniemożliwienie uruchomionemu pasożytowi wydostanie się poza komputer
                (monitory i ściany ogniowe instalowane na komputerach użytkowników),
                wykrycie, neutralizacja i usunięcie wirusa po jego uaktywnieniu (skanery
                antywirusowe, szczepionki, przynęty, programy sprawdzające sumy kontrolne),
                uniemożliwienie ponownego wykorzystania tej samej luki w systemie lub
                programie (łaty, uaktualnienia, pozytywne wirusy).
                Kijem czy pałką?
                Każda z powyższych metod ma swoje wady i zalety. Filtrowanie przesyłek
                pocztowych jest świetnym pomysłem - pozwala na usunięcie sporej liczby
                wirusów, a użytkownik nawet nie domyśla się, że istniało jakieś zagrożenie.
                Problemem, z którym muszą się zmagać tego typu programy, jest narastająca wraz
                z przepustowością łączy ilość danych do przefiltrowania - zazwyczaj
                analizowane są nie tylko przesyłki pocztowe, ale również inne pakiety.
                Dochodzi do tego konieczność unikania błędów zarówno przy diagnozie plików,
                jak i w samym oprogramowaniu filtrującym. Mogą one przynieść spore szkody
                użytkownikom, np. gdy źle sformułowana reguła usunie niektóre przesyłki
                pocztowe - w biznesie e-mail jest używany na równi z faksem czy telefonem.

                Zaletą skanerów i szczepionek antywirusowych jest stuprocentowa pewność
                usunięcia wszystkich znanych im wirusów. Programy te są gruntownie testowane,
                a metody wykrywania wirusów optymalizowane i szybko dostosowywane do
                istniejących zagrożeń - bazy wirusów uaktualniane są non stop. Ich wadą jest
                natomiast nieunikniony spadek wydajności na skutek rosnącej liczby wirusów
                oraz coraz większej powierzchni dysków twardych do sprawdzenia. Nie można też
                zapomnieć o tym, że nowy wirus może zostać wykryty dopiero po dopisaniu jego
                sygnatury do bazy danych.

                Największym plusem monitorów i piaskownic (np. firmy Finjan) jest to, że nie
                muszą one znać poszczególnych wirusów, bowiem koncentrują się na sposobach ich
                działania. Uruchamiając program w szczelnym otoczeniu (przejmując obsługę
                funkcji systemowych), mogą przeanalizować jego zachowanie i zablokować
                działanie w przypadku jakichkolwiek podejrzeń. Problemy są jednak z wykryciem
                bardziej zaawansowanych wirusów, które nie uruchamiają się na początku
                programu, tylko np. zupełnie losowo w jego trakcie. Wirusów stosujących takie
                techniki, jak ukrywanie punktu wejścia (EPO) czy wplatanie kodu wirusa między
                instrukcje programu ofiary (code integration) nie da się wykryć przez analizę
                zachowania programu zaraz po jego uruchomieniu.

                Uruchomiony wirus zwykle chce się rozmnażać, musi więc wydostać się z
                komputera, by wyruszyć w cybernetyczną podróż. Przeszkodą mogą być dla niego
                ściany ogniowe przeznaczone dla stacji roboczych (np. Zone Alarm lub Tiny
                Personal Firewall), które zezwalają na dostęp do sieci tylko tym programom,
                które wybrał użytkownik.

                Łatanie dziur w zainstalowanych programach jest ważną częścią polityki
                bezpieczeństwa i świetnym sposobem na zamknięcie drzwi przed bakcylami
                wykorzystującymi głównie znane od dawna błędy w oprogramowaniu.

                Połączenie wielu metod w zasadzie wystarcza, by użytkownik miał "święty
                spokój". Warto jednak mieć na uwadze, że błyskawicznie rozwijająca się
                technologia czyni ten stan dość względnym. W niedalekiej przyszłości pojawią
                się wirusy o niespotykanym do tej pory poziomie zaawansowania. Wskazują na to
                tendencje w tworzeniu wirusów, z wyraźnie wiodącymi wątkami: metamorfizm, EPO,
                integracja z kodem ofiary, wykorzystanie wtyczek oraz prace na temat
                programowania modularno-obiektowego i jego wykorzystania w przyszłych
                bakcylach (przykładem są wirusy Win32.Zmist i IWorm. Universe). Typowe
                monolityczne twory ustąpiły miejsca nowej fali wirusów zbudowanych z
                oddzielnie utworzonych i połączonych ze sobą komponentów. Dzięki modularności
                kodu nad wirusem pracować może wielu programistów.

                Śladami Archimedesa
                Twórcy programów antywirusowych stoją dziś przed trudnymi zadaniami. Analiza
                nagłówka pliku i punktu wejścia do programu czy jego emulacja, czyli techniki
                będące od lat integralną częścią skanerów, już nie wystarczają. Programy
                antywirusowe muszą badać coraz dłuższe strumienie bajtów, wśród których może
                się ukryć pasożyt. Proces ten będzie więc coraz wolniejszy i trudniejszy,
                chociażby za sprawą nowych technik tworzenia wirusów.

                Jak ustrzec się zatem przed wyrafinowanymi, skrzętnie ukrytymi wirusami i jak
                wykryć je w coraz większych porcjach danych na coraz większej liczbie
                komputerów? Obrona jest w zasadzie znana od dawna: globalna baza wiedzy o
                wirusach (sygnatury, algorytmy, mechanizmy uaktualniania przez sieć wszystkich
                baz danych jednocześnie) oraz metody z dziedziny heurystyki i powiązanej z nią
                sztucznej inteligencji.

                Heurystyka oznacza dosłownie naukę o odkrywaniu i jest pojęciem związanym z
                twórczym rozwiązywaniem problemów. Znany okrzyk kąpiącego się Archimedesa
                (heureka!) zrodził się przede wszystkim z obserwacji. Jest to także podstawa,
                na której buduje się wzorce i reguły opisujące działanie skanerów
                heurystycznych - wykrywanie wirusów opiera się ściśle na statystyce (a więc na
                obserwacji) znanych i przeanalizowanych dogłębnie bakcyli oraz na hipotezach
                dotyczących rozwoju przyszłych ich gatunków. Firmy antywirusowe mają tu nie
                lada orzech do zgryzienia. Nie lada problemem jest sensowne sklasyfikowanie
                wirusów, a historia pokazuje (np. pojawienie się makrowirusów, wirusów VBS),
                jak trudno jest przewidzieć nowe odmiany. Na podstawie zbieranych "odcisków
                palców" znanych wirusów określane są wzorce zachowań, które powinny wzbudzić
                podejrzenie w przypadku wykrycia, np. próba zapisu pliku na dysku przez stronę
                WWW.

                Jeden z najbardziej znanych światowych wirusologów Marcus Schmall pracuje
                wytrwale nad praktycznym zastosowaniem metod heurystycznych. Podczas
                konferencji, zorganizowanej przez Virus Bulletin, zaproponował zastosowanie
                metajęzyka MetaMS do opisu działania programów złośliwych oraz sposobów ich
                usuwania. Język ten bazuje na XML, jest więc niezależny od platformy. Co
                więcej, operuje na wyższym poziomie abstrakcji niż tradycyjna sygnatura
                wirusa, mogą więc z niego korzystać wszyscy twórcy oprogramowania
                antywirusowego bez konieczności ponownego "rozgryzania" każdego wirusa.

                Reguły zamiast sygnatur
                Heurystyka jest obecnie wbudowana w każdy liczący się filtr zawartości, skaner
                czy monitor antywirusowy. Reguły rządzące tymi programami są pozornie dość
                łatwe do sformułowania. Na przykład: Jeśli przesyłka zawiera załączniki,
                sprawdź, czy mają one rozszerzenie .vbs, exe, .pif, doc, lnk. Jeśli tak - usuń
                je.

                Od razu widać, że jest to reguła "grubymi nićmi szyta", gdyż nie uwzględnia
                takich sytuacji, jak np. wymiana dokumentów w firmie czy przesłanie
                podejrzanej przesyłki firmie antywirusowej (zostanie ona skasowana zanim
                ktokolwiek ją obejrzy). Nie da się więc uniknąć żmudnej analizy załącznika (i
                nie tylko, bo sprawdzane powinny być też np. nagłówki MIME). Nie jest to
                zadanie łatwe, dlatego syste
                • alef1 SloNce ;) SUPERSTORM !!! 03.11.03, 02:15
                  www.geo.mtu.edu/weather/aurora/images/sun/sun-flare.jpg
                  www.geo.mtu.edu/weather/aurora/images/sun/
                  science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2003/23oct_superstorm.htm
                  • Gość: <©> Re: SloNce ;) SUPERSTORM !!! IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 18.11.03, 02:28
                    The Sun Goes Haywire

                    November 12, 2003: Imagine you're in California. It's July, the middle of
                    summer. The sun rises early; bright rays warm the ground. It's a great day to
                    be outside. Then, suddenly, it begins to snow--not just a little flurry, but a
                    swirling blizzard that doesn't stop for two weeks.

                    That's what forecasters call unseasonal weather.

                    It sounds incredible, but "something like that just happened on the sun," says
                    David Hathaway, a solar physicist at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center.

                    Only a few weeks ago solar activity was low. The face of the sun was nearly
                    blank--"very few sunspots," says Hathaway--and space weather near Earth was
                    mild. "Mild is just what we expect at this point in the 11-year solar cycle,"
                    he explains. "The most recent maximum was in 2001, and solar activity has been
                    declining ever since."

                    Then, suddenly, in late October the sun began to behave strangely. Three giant
                    sunspots appeared, each one larger than the planet Jupiter. In California where
                    smoke from wildfires dimmed the sun enough to look straight at it, casual sky
                    watchers were startled by the huge blotches on the sun. One of them,
                    named "sunspot 486," was the biggest in 13 years.

                    Right: Astrophotographer Bob Sandy of Virginia took this picture of giant
                    sunspot 486 emerging over the sun's limb on Oct. 23, 2003. It is preceded by
                    another giant spot, numbered 484. [more]

                    Sunspots cause solar flares and, usually, the biggest flares come from the
                    biggest spots. The three giant sunspots unleashed eleven X-class flares in only
                    fourteen days--equaling the total number observed during the previous twelve
                    months. "This was a big surprise," says Hathaway.

                    The effects on Earth were many: Radio blackouts disrupted communications. Solar
                    protons penetrated Earth's upper atmosphere, exposing astronauts and some air
                    travelers to radiation doses equal to a medical chest X-ray. Auroras appeared
                    all over the world--in Florida, Texas, Australia and many other places where
                    they are seldom seen.

                    Researchers rank solar flares according to their x-ray power output. C-flares
                    are the weakest. M-flares are middling-strong. X-flares are the most powerful.
                    Each category has subdivisions: e.g., X1, X2, X3 and so on. A typical X-flare
                    registers X1 or X2. On Nov. 4th, sunspot 486 unleashed an X28 flare--the most
                    powerful ever recorded.

                    Left: An extreme-ultraviolet telescope onboard the orbiting Solar and
                    Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) captured this false-color movie of the Nov. 4,
                    2003, X28 superflare near the sun's limb. [more]

                    "In 1989 a flare about half that strong caused a widespread power blackout in
                    Quebec," recalls Hathaway. Last week's blast was aimed away from Earth, so its
                    effects on our planet were slight--a bit of good luck.

                    All this happened two years after solar maximum, which raises a question: is
                    something wrong with the solar cycle? Is the sun going haywire?

                    "Nothing's wrong," reassures Hathaway. The sun isn't about to explode, nor is
                    the sunspot cycle broken. "These latest sunspots were whoppers," he
                    allows, "but sunspot counts averaged over many weeks are still declining as
                    predicted. We're still on course for a solar minimum in 2006."

                    Indeed, it's possible that what we've just experienced is a normal part of the
                    solar cycle, speculates Hathaway. "There's a curious tendency for the biggest
                    flares to occur after solar maximum--on the downslope toward solar minimum.
                    This has happened during two of the last three solar cycles." The plot below
                    illustrates his point.

                    Below: Using data archived by NOAA's Space Environment Center, Francis Reddy
                    created this plot of sunspot number and X-class solar flares during the last
                    three solar cycles.



                    Consider the year 1984, says Hathaway. Sunspot counts were plunging, and the
                    sun was rapidly approaching the 1985-86 solar minimum. Suddenly a giant sunspot
                    appeared, Jupiter-sized like sunspot 486, and unleashed two dozen M-flares and
                    three X-flares, including a remarkable flare registering X13. People then
                    probably wondered too if the solar cycle was broken.

                    "It's hard to be sure what's normal and what's not," notes
                    Hathaway. "Astronomers have been observing x-rays from the sun for only 35
                    years--or three solar cycles. We can't draw good statistical conclusions from
                    so few data."



                    Sign up for EXPRESS SCIENCE NEWS delivery

                    One thing is certain, though: flurries of solar activity can happen at any
                    time. The next time, says Hathaway, could be just a week or so away.

                    Sunspot 486 and its companions are on the far side of the sun now, carried
                    around by the sun's 27-day rotation. "We suspect they're still active," says
                    Hathaway, because the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory--a sun-watching
                    satellite--has photographed clouds of gas being thrown over the sun's limb by
                    unseen explosions. Unless these sunspots dissipate, which could happen, they
                    will reappear on the Earth-facing side of the sun beginning as early as Nov.
                    14th.

                    And then...? No one knows. "We might get some more unseasonal space weather,"
                    says Hathaway. But this time he won't be surprised.

                    science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2003/12nov_haywire.htm
                    • zupagrzybowa The Sun Goes Haywire 25.11.03, 02:19
                      What are complex numbers?
                      The Mandelbrot set is the domain of convergence of the series built up by the
                      complex sequence defined by the recursion law: Zn+1 = Z2n + C, therefore
                      understanding complex numbers is important to understand what the Mandelbrot
                      set represents.

                      If you are familiar with complex numbers, you can skip this section. If you
                      haven't encountered complex numbers during your studies, don't worry! In order
                      to learn what they are and how to use them to build fractals you only need some
                      simple concepts.
                      A complex number is made by two parts: the real part and the imaginary part.
                      The real part is a real number (i.e. an ordinary number), the imaginary part is
                      another real number multiplied by i, which is called the imaginary unit and is
                      defined as the square root of -1, so that i2 = -1.

                      Example: -6 + 9i is a complex number.

                      Now imagine a plane with two coordinate axes on it. We can associate each point
                      of the plane with a complex number of the form: x_coordinate + i*y_coordinate.
                      The picture below shows the correspondence between the coordinates of a point
                      and the complex number that can be associated with it.


                      We need to define some operations to deal with complex numbers:

                      Adding two complex numbers is very simple. Let's take two complex numbers:
                      Z1=a1+ib1 and Z2=a2+ib2. The complex number resulting from Z1+Z2 is defined as:
                      a1+a2+i*(b1+b2). The real part of the result is the sum of the real parts of Z1
                      and Z2; the imaginary part of the result is the sum of the imaginary parts of
                      Z1 and Z2.

                      Example: Z1 = 2 + i , Z2 = 3 - 6i , Z1+Z2 = 5 - 5i

                      In order to multiply Z1 by Z2 we only need to remember the distributive law and
                      the equation i2 = -1. Therefore, the multiplication is defined as follows:
                      Z1*Z2 = a1*a2 - b1*b2 +i*(a1*b2 + a2*b1).

                      Example (with the values above): Z1*Z2 = 6 - (-6) + i*(-12 + 3) = 12 - 9i

                      In particular, the square of a complex number (i.e. the complex number
                      multiplied by itself) is: Z2 = a2 - b2 + 2*i*a*b
                      Don't forget this formula, because we'll use it to build Mandelbrot and Julia
                      sets.

                      nrich.maths.org/mathsf/links/display.php3?search=yes&start=0&topic=3&audience=&order=id

                      www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/2854/
                      spanky.triumf.ca/pub/fractals/images/noel/mandel/four-sqr.png
                      www.cnspace.net/html/fractals.html
                      www.fractalus.com/dan/
                      www.fractalus.com/dan/vefih.htm
                      www.fractalus.com/dan/Evolutionarium.jpg
                      www.p-gallery.net/
                      morbidorbits.50megs.com/html/mog6-03.htm
                      • alef1 Jutro to dziś, tyle że jutro. [Sławomir Mrożek] 26.11.03, 01:19
                        www.culture.pl/en/culture/artykuly/os_mrozek_slawomir
                        home.tu-clausthal.de/student/theater/mrozek.html

                        www.drama21c.net/writers/mrozek/mainMrozek.htm
                        • zupagrzybowa AION 07.12.03, 19:35
                          members.xoom.virgilio.it/theaion/
                          www.celebritaspoglie.net/sfondi/
                          actress.altervista.org/phpBB2/index.php
                          ========================================================

                          דםצק דקשרבי כםר דקמד
                          • Gość: <©> jeruzalem.alleluja.pl IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 08.12.03, 21:00


                            Kto tu zaprosił diabły? O uzdrowieniu międzypokoleniowym coś jeszcze

                            http://www.jeruzalem.alleluja.pl/tekst.php?numer=6906

                            Autor: ksiądz Andrzej Siemieniewski
                            Data: 2003-11-08


                            --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                            Po kilku dniach zajrzałem znowu do wątku dyskusji o uzdrowieniu
                            międzypokoleniowym. Taka przerwa jest bardzo korzystna: pozwala z pewnego
                            dystansu spojrzeć na główne argumenty uczestników dyskusji. Wydaje mi się, że
                            zwolennicy modlitwy o uzdrowienie międzypokoleniowe, a zwłaszcza według nauk o.
                            DeGrandisa, koncentrują się wokół następujących przyczyn przekazywania złych
                            wpływów grzechu z jednego pokolenia na następne:

                            a) zły wpływ wynikający ze zniszczenia środowiska naturalnego, przyrodniczego;
                            b) zły wpływ środowiska ludzkiego, zwłaszcza otoczenia rodzinnego;
                            c) wpływ złego ducha.

                            Oto fragmenty dyskusji, z których wyciągnąłem taki wniosek:

                            a) zły wpływ wynikający ze zniszczenia środowiska naturalnego, przyrodniczego:

                            „Może skutki grzechów naszych bezpośrednich przodków też na nas wpływają?
                            Niewątpliwie tak! [ …] Albo fakt z drugiej wojny światowej, zrzucenie bomby
                            atomowej na Japonię – do dzisiaj są widoczne tego skutki, chociaż minęło już
                            wiele lat ”.

                            b) zły wpływ środowiska ludzkiego, zwłaszcza otoczenia rodzinnego:

                            „Na pewno wszystkich nas interesuje, jak może dojść do «skażenia»
                            międzypokoleniowego? Otóż związane jest ono ze środowiskiem naszych rodzin ”.

                            „Często jest tak, że mój grzech osobisty dotyka nie tylko mnie, ale też i
                            innych, niewinnych. Ojciec pije, a przy nim cierpią niewinne dzieci i cała
                            rodzina ”.

                            c) wpływ złego ducha:

                            „Najgorsze w tym wszystkim jest to, że obciążeniu pokoleniowemu może
                            towarzyszyć działanie szatana, jakiegoś złego ducha, który ukrywa się pod
                            konkretnym problemem ”.

                            „Ważną rzeczą jest, aby członkowie rodziny razem ustalili, o co należy się
                            modlić, np. powtarzające się choroby, problemy duchowe (np. przekazywanie
                            zdolności okultystycznych, zainteresowanie wróżbiarstwem, magią, spirytyzmem) ”.

                            „Przy modlitwach wstawienniczych często ujawnia się zły duch, którego można
                            nazwać: duch pijaństwa, śmierci, spirytyzmu, okultyzmu, magii, nienawiści,
                            nieprzebaczenia itd. ”.

                            Pierwszą przyczynę możemy na potrzeby naszej dyskusji pominąć, dlatego że
                            rzadko zdarza się modlitwa o uwolnienie np. od zatrutych nurtów rzeki Bóbr.
                            Druga przyczyna, jako oczywista, też nie budzi raczej sprzeciwów: każdy zgadza
                            się, że lepiej wzrastać w rodzinie zgodnej i przyjaznej niż w awanturniczym
                            gronie kryminalnego marginesu. Pytania rodzą się oczywiście przy trzeciej
                            przyczynie – wpływ złego ducha na przekazywanie skutków grzechów moich
                            przodków. Dlatego na tym właśnie najpierw skoncentrujmy naszą uwagę.

                            Jako lekarstwo na międzypokoleniowe działanie diabła proponuje się terapię
                            wybitnie duchową, która przybiera postać łamania potęgi demona i usuwania jego
                            wpływów z czyjegoś życia:

                            – Proponuję rozrysowanie drzewa genealogicznego do czwartego pokolenia, do
                            osoby pradziadka.

                            – Istotą modlitwy o uzdrowienie międzypokoleniowe jest wzywanie Bożego
                            błogosławieństwa, nawrócenie i złamanie przekleństw, które wypływa z naszych
                            pokoleń, a dotyka nas i naszych rodzin.

                            – Bardzo często zdarza się tak, że w trakcie trwania modlitw trzeba
                            przeprowadzać modlitwy wstawiennicze i o uwolnienie [od wpływów złego ducha].

                            Jako biblijne argumenty na poparcie tezy o demonicznym działaniu do trzeciego i
                            czwartego pokolenia oraz o potrzebie wypędzania względnie usuwania wpływów
                            złego ducha podaje się następujące fragmenty Pisma:

                            „Pan, Bóg twój, który karze występek ojców na synach do trzeciego i czwartego
                            pokolenia […], okazuję zaś łaskę aż do tysiącznego pokolenia względem tych,
                            którzy Mnie miłują i przestrzegają moich przykazań ” (Wj 20,5).

                            „Pan zsyłający kary za niegodziwość ojców na synów i wnuków aż do trzeciego i
                            czwartego pokolenia – ale miłosierny i litościwy, bogaty w łaskę i wierność,
                            zachowujący swą łaskę w tysiączne pokolenia ” (Wj 34,7).

                            „Pan cierpliwy, bogaty w życzliwość, przebacza niegodziwość i grzech, lecz nie
                            pozostawia go bez ukarania, tylko karze grzechy ojców na synach do trzeciego, a
                            nawet czwartego pokolenia ” (Lb 14,18).

                            Są też inne pożyteczne w tej mierze fragmenty Pisma: np. przypadek synów Helego.

                            Uzupełnione jest to wszystko przez naukę Kościoła, np. z Katechizmu można
                            rzeczywiście wyciągnąć następujące wnioski:

                            Skutki grzechu mego przodka na pewno odczuwa cały Kościół, który działa, tak
                            jak ja to sobie wyobrażam, trochę na zasadzie naczyń połączonych.

                            Jaki powinien być następny krok w naszej dyskusji? Najpierw wyobrazimy sobie,
                            że mamy do dyspozycji tylko Stary Testament, a potem rozważymy sprawę jako
                            chrześcijanie, ludzie Nowego Testamentu. Wreszcie sprawdzimy, czy argumenty z
                            Katechizmu Kościoła katolickiego są wystarczające do uzasadnienia takiej
                            koncepcji uzdrowienia międzypokoleniowego, gdzie kładzie się nacisk na łamanie
                            przekleństw i usuwanie skutków działania diabła.

                            a. na płaszczyĽnie Starego Testamentu

                            To prawda, że Stary Testament często mówi o przykrych skutkach spotykających
                            ludzi aż do czwartego pokolenia wskutek grzechów przodków. Najczęściej mowa
                            jest o konsekwencjach za grzechy popełnione przez niektórych Izraelitów a
                            ponoszonych póĽniej przez wszystkich, żyjących np. sto lat póĽniej. W tym
                            sensie owe „trzecie i czwarte pokolenie ” to po prostu ludzie żyjący póĽniej,
                            np. my, Polacy, jesteśmy wszyscy „czwartym pokoleniem ” ludzi z czasów I wojny
                            światowej. Opisane w Biblii przykre konsekwencje najczęściej nie mają więc
                            związku z tym, czy sto lat temu grzeszył mój prapradziadek, prapradziadek
                            zupełnie nieznanego p. X, czy zgoła bezdzietny pan Y: tak czy inaczej takie
                            same konsekwencje ponosimy wszyscy razem.

                            Niekiedy zaś, choć rzadziej, mowa w Biblii o konsekwencjach ponoszonych przez
                            genetycznych przodków: to mój prapradziadek, a nie prapradziadek pana X
                            spowodował moje przykrości dziś.

                            Zapytajmy jednak, wciąż ograniczając się tylko do Starego Testamentu: czyim
                            dziełem są owe konsekwencje, zarówno te w skali społecznej, jak i w skali
                            rodzinnej? I tu niespodzianka: są dziełem Boga:

                            „Pan, Bóg twój, który karze występek ojców na synach do trzeciego i czwartego
                            pokolenia ” (Wj 20,5);

                            „Pan zsyłający kary za niegodziwość ojców na synów i wnuków aż do trzeciego i
                            czwartego pokolenia ” (Wj 34,7);

                            „Pan karze grzechy ojców na synach do trzeciego, a nawet czwartego pokolenia ”
                            (Lb 14, 18).

                            Natomiast współcześni zwolennicy uzdrowienia międzypokoleniowego zdecydowanie
                            twierdzą, że zwalczają kary ponoszone za grzechy przodków do trzeciego i
                            czwartego pokolenia, ponieważ mają do czynienia z dziełem diabła. To demonom
                            przypisują skuteczność takiego przekleństwa i podtrzymywanie jego złowrogiego
                            działania. Ale dlaczego? Stary Testament nic o tym nie mówi. Mówi natomiast, że
                            chodzi tu o dzieło Boże, mianowicie o Bożą karę.

                            Jak w tym świetle wygląda pragnienie łamania takich konsekwencji grzechów
                            przodków, które trwają do czwartego pokolenia? (Przypominam, że cały czas
                            próbujemy ograniczyć się tylko do danych Starego Testamentu). Wygląda to na
                            łamanie ni mniej, ni więcej, ale … Bożego dzieła: dzieła zamierzonego dla
                            ukarania winnych i ku przestrodze pozostałych.

                            Wydaje się więc, że jeśli pozostaniemy na płaszczyĽnie Starego Testamentu, to
                            nauka o uzdrowieniu międzypokoleniowym w sensie uwalniania z demonicznych
                            powiązań nie ma podstaw biblijnych.

                            b. na płaszczyĽnie Nowego Testamentu

                            Nowy Testament, jak się wydaje, tylko raz porusza temat duchowych przyczyn
                            chorób wśród ochrzczonych, czło
                            • Gość: dR_uFo korespondencja z Marsa IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 07.01.04, 03:08
                              Det är nu dagen efter mit “åhörande med den administrtaiva domaren I den
                              amerikanska myndigheten som heter “SOSIAL SECURITY” (SOSIAL trygghet)
                              Dwt aar dagen som jag hade för mig skulle vara mit slut , avrättnings Dagen…
                              Jag kunde inte tro resultaten efter spelets slut för denna dag” Domaren kunde
                              inte förstå varför jag befann mig I hans rättsal,han hade ingen
                              aning ,information,upplysningar hur vad och varför!??!jag igentligen var där!??
                              domaren sade följande:
                              Om inte federala administrationen (central myndighets kontoret) SOSIAL ECURITY
                              main office svarar till mig om (innom 60 dagar) varför X har dessa anklagelser”
                              kommer jag att dumma I hans favör”
                              Domaren kunde heller inte förstå varför min handicaps ersättning hade
                              avsluttats och att jag skall vara skyldig och eller återbetallnins skyldig
                              några pengar als !??Vilket verkar till mig enotroligt pajas.snurig sprets
                              spel!!!!!!!
                              Kommer att ta friheten att saga “upplever en frihets känsla “ idag.
                              Livet har lärt mig att inte uppskata något allt för myket!?? Det kommer så ofta
                              övraskningar!!
                              Får se vart dom skall nu göra. Förhoppnigs vis blir det inte en” akt 2” I denna
                              löjlighets spel!

                              Kommer hem denna sondag 11 januari
                              Jag hör av mig varma hälsningar
    • jarek_miriam Re: & & #35 1502;& & #35 1514;& & #35 1493;& & 11.01.04, 03:10
      I understand that you have some important reasons to write here in Hebrew.
      Please, translate your text into English, if you can. Probably we will
      understand each other directly then. Shalom.
      • Gość: "|||" Schulz, Bruno IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 11.01.04, 20:27
        SKLEPY CYNAMONOWE

        W okresie najkrótszych, sennych dni zimowych, ujetych
        z obu stron, od poranku i od wieczora, w futrzane krawedzie zmierzchów,
        gdy miasto rozgalezialo sie coraz glebiej w labirynty zimowych nocy, z
        trudem przywolywane przez krótki swit do opamietania, do powrotu--
        ojciec mój byl juz zatracony, zaprzedany, zaprzysiezony tamtej sferze.
        Twarz jego i glowa zarastaly wówczas bujnie i dziko siwym wlosem,
        sterczacym nieregularnie wiechciami, szczecinami, dlugimi pedzlami,
        strzelajacymi z brodawek, z brwi, z dziurek od nosa--co nadawalo jego
        fizjonomii wyglad starego, nastroszonego lisa. Wech jego i sluch
        zaostrzal sie niepomiernie i znac bylo po grze jego milczacej i napietej
        twarzy, ze za posrednictwem tych zmyslów pozostaje on w ciaglym
        kontakcie z niewidzialnym swiatem ciemnych zakamarków, dziur mysich,
        zmurszalych przestrzeni pustych pod podloga i kanalów kominowych.
        Wszystkie chroboty, trzaski nocne, tajne, skrzypiace zycie podlogi mialy
        w nim nieomylnego i czujnego dostrzegacza, szpiega i wspólspiskowca.
        Absorbowalo go to w tym stopniu, ze pograzal sie zupelnie w tej
        niedostepnej dla nas sferze, z której nie próbowal zdawac nam sprawy.
        Nieraz musial strzepywac palcami i smiac sie cicho do siebie samego, gdy
        te wybryki niewidzialnej sfery stawaly sie zbyt absurdalne; porozumiewal
        sie wówczas spojrzeniem z naszym kotem, który równiez wtajemniczony w
        ten swiat, podnosil swa cyniczna, zimna, porysowana pregami twarz,
        mruzac z nudów i obojetnosci skosne szparki oczu. Zdarzalo sie podczas
        obiadu, ze wsród jedzenia odkladal nagle nóz i widelec i z serweta
        zawiazana pod szyja podnosil sie kocim ruchem, skradal na brzuscach
        palców do drzwi sasiedniego, pustego pokoju i z najwieksza ostroznoscia
        zagladal przez dziurke od klucza. Potem wracal do stolu, jakby
        zawstydzony, z zaklopotanym usmiechem, wsród mrukniec i niewyraznych
        mamrotan, odnoszacych sie do wewnetrznego monologu, w którym byl
        pograzony. Azeby mu sprawic pewna dystrakcje i oderwac go od
        chorobliwych dociekan, wyciagala go matka na wieczorne spacery, na które
        szedl, milczac, bez oporu, ale i bez przekonania, roztargniony i
        nieobecny duchem. Raz nawet poszlismy do teatru. Znalezlismy sie znowu w
        tej wielkiej, zle oswietlonej i brudnej sali, pelnej sennego gwaru
        ludzkiego i bezladnego zametu. Ale gdy przebrnelismy przez cizbe ludzka,
        wynurzyla sie przed nami olbrzymia bladomebieska kurtyna, jak niebo
        jakiegos innego firmamentu. Wielkie, malowane maski rózowe, z wydetymi
        policzkami, nurzaly sie w ogromnym plóciennym przestworzu. To sztuczne
        niebo szerzylo sie i plynelo wzdluz i w poprzek, wzbierajac ogromnym
        tchem patosu i wielkich gestów, atmosfera tego swiata sztucznego i
        pelnego blasku, który budowal sie tam, na dudniacych rusztowaniach
        sceny. Dreszcz plynacy przez wielkie oblicze tego nieba, oddech
        ogromnego plótna, od którego rosly i ozywaly maski, zdradzal
        iluzorycznosc tego firmamentu, sprawial to drganie rzeczywistosci, które
        w chwilach metafizycznych odczuwamy jako migotanie tajemnicy. Maski
        trzepotaly czerwonymi powiekami, kolorowe wargi szeptaly cos bezglosnie
        i wiedzialem, ze przyjdzie chwila, kiedy napiecie tajemnicy dojdzie do
        zenitu i wtedy wezbrane niebo kurtyny peknie naprawde, uniesie sie i
        ukaze rzeczy nieslychane i olsniewajace. Lecz nie bylo mi dane doczekac
        tej chwili, albowiem tymczasem ojciec zaczal zdradzac pewne oznaki
        zaniepokojenia, chwytal sie za kieszenie i wreszcie oswiadczyl, ze
        zapomnial portfelu z pieniedzmi i waznymi dokumentami. Po krótkiej
        naradzie z matka, w której uczciwosc Adeli zostala poddana pospiesznej,
        ryczaltowej ocenie, zaproponowano mi, zebym wyruszyl do domu na
        poszukiwanie portfelu. Zdaniem matki do rozpoczecia widowiska bylo
        jeszcze wiele czasu i przy mojej zwinnosci moglem na czas powrócic.
        Wyszedlem w noc zimowa, kolorowa od iluminacji nieba. Byla to jedna z
        tych jasnych nocy, w których firmament gwiezdny jest tak rozlegly i
        rozgaleziony, jakby rozpadl sie, rozlamal i podzielil na labirynt
        odrebnych niebios, wystarczajacych do obdzielenia calego miesiaca nocy
        zimowych i do nakrycia swymi srebrnymi i malowanymi kloszami wszystkich
        ich nocnych zjawisk, przygód, awantur i karnawalów. Jest lekkomyslnoscia
        nie do darowania wysylac w taka noc mlodego chlopca z misja wazna i
        pilna, albowiem w jej pólswietle zwielokrotniaja sie, placza i
        wymieniaja jedne z drugimi ulice. Otwieraja sie w glebi miasta, zeby tak
        rzec, ulice podwójne, ulice sobowtóry, ulice klamliwe i zwodne.
        Oczarowana i zmylona wyobraznia wytwarza zludne plany miasta, rzekomo
        dawno znane i wiadome, w których te ulice maja swe miejsce i nazwe, a
        noc w niewyczerpanej swej plodnosci nie ma nic lepszego do roboty, jak
        dostarczac wciaz nowych i urojonych konfiguracji. Te kuszenia nocy
        zimowych zaczynaja sie zazwyczaj niewinnie od chetki skrócenia sobie
        drogi, uzycia niezwyklego lub predszego przejscia. Powstaja ponetne
        kombinacje przeciecia zawilej wedrówki jakas nie wypróbowana przecznica.
        Ale tym razem zaczelo sie inaczej. Uszedlszy pare kroków, spostrzeglem,
        ze jestem bez plaszcza. Chcialem zawrócic, lecz po chwili wydalo mi sie
        to niepotrzebna strata czasu, gdyz noc nie byla wcale zimna, przeciwnie
        - pozylkowana strugami dziwnego ciepla, tchnieniami jakiejs falszywej
        wiosny.

        www.gutenberg.net/etext05/sklep10.txt
        Szalom

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