Gość: Oszołom z RM Cóż za szatański wątek! 666 wpisów z g.11.34!! IP: *.neoplus.adsl.tpnet.pl 30.04.03, 12:01 Odpowiedz Link Zgłoś
Gość: 777 The number 666 is cool ! IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 01.05.03, 22:10 users.aol.com/s6sj7gt/mike666.htm Wild Narcissistic Numbers ? users.aol.com/s6sj7gt/mikewild.htm www.yk.rim.or.jp/~elieshoh/666.htm Odpowiedz Link Zgłoś
Gość: alef-i The most irrational number IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 04.05.03, 15:57 www.math.smith.edu/~phyllo/ An irrational number by definition is one which cannot be written as the ratio of whole numbers. So it would seem that all irrational numbers are equally irrational. All pigs are equal, Orwell said, but some are more equal than others. And in fact there is a precise sense in which some irrational numbers are more irrational than others. This phenomenon has had important consequences in the organization of the natural world. In packing seeds around a core, many plants choose the strategy of placing each one at the most irrational angle possible to the one directly below it. www.ams.org/new-in-math/cover/irrational2.html The most irrational number The most irrational number turns out to be a number already well known in geometry. It is the number g = ( + 1)/2 = 1.618033... which is the length of the diagonal in a regular pentagon of side length 1. This number, known as the "golden mean," has played a large role in mathematical aesthetics. It is not clear whether its supreme irrationality has anything to do with its artistic applications. The golden mean satisfies the equation x2 - x - 1 = 0, so its continued fraction expansion is the simplest of all: g = 1 + 1 ------ 1 + 1 ------ 1 + 1 ------ 1 + etc. Its convergents are 1, 2, 3/2, 5/3, 8/5, ... , the ratios of consecutive Fibonacci numbers. How well are these convergents approximating g? Here are the first few E/M ratios: convergent E/M c1 = 1/1 1.382 c2 = 2/1 .8541 c3 = 3/2 1.055 c4 = 5/3 .9787 c5 = 8/5 1.008 c6 = 13/8 .9968 c7 = 21/13 1.001 c8 = 34/21 .9995 ... Hurwitz' Theorem guarantees the existence of infinitely many convergents with E/M < 1. In this case the odd-numbered convergents must be discarded, and the even-numbered ones are getting as bad as they can be. (In fact this table is evidence that the factor in Hurwitz' theorem cannot be improved!) So the golden mean can never have a rational approximation as good as 22/7 was for or even as good as 7/5 was for . www.ams.org/new-in-math/cover/irrational3.html Odpowiedz Link Zgłoś
Gość: * } Escher IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 05.05.03, 12:53 www.instructionalimages.com/ecat/data/pictures/big/CE/47219.gif Odpowiedz Link Zgłoś
Gość: :::::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::E:::s:::c:::h:::e:::r:::::::::::::: IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 05.05.03, 14:51 www.mcescher.com/Gallery/recogn-bmp/LW399.jpg www.mcescher.com/Gallery/gallery-recogn.html www.mcescher.com/Gallery/recogn-bmp/LW426.jpg Odpowiedz Link Zgłoś
Gość: <:> Introduction to the Uniramia IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 05.05.03, 22:18 <br> <a>href="http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/arthropoda/uniramia/uniramia.html"target< :></a><br> Odpowiedz Link Zgłoś
Gość: . . . . . . the REAL rulers of the Earth. . . IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 05.05.03, 22:26 <br> <a>href="http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/arthropoda/uniramia/uniramia.html"target< :>"</a><br> By nearly any measure, the most successful animals on the planet are the arthropods. They have conquered land, sea and air, and make up over three- fourths of all currently known living and fossil organisms, or over one million species in all. Since many arthropod species remain undocumented or undiscovered, especially in tropical rain forests, the true number of living arthropod species is probably in the tens of millions. One recent conservative estimate puts the number of arthropod species in tropical forests at 6 to 9 million species (Thomas, 1990). Arthropods range in distribution from the deep sea to mountain peaks, in size from the king crab with its 12-foot armspan to microscopic insects and crustaceans, and in taste from chocolate covered ants to crawfish jambalaya and lobster Newburg. Despite this unbelievable diversity, the basic body plan of arthropods is fairly constant. Arthropods have a stiff cuticle made largely of chitin and proteins, forming an exoskeleton that may or may not be further stiffened with calcium carbonate. They have segmented bodies and show various patterns of segment fusion (tagmosis) to form integrated units (heads, abdomens, and so on). The phylum takes its name from its distinctive jointed appendages, which may be modified in a number of ways to form antennae, mouthparts, and reproductive organs. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Click on the buttons below to learn more about the Arthropoda. www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/arthropoda/arthropoda.html Odpowiedz Link Zgłoś
Gość: :.:.: : . . . the REAL rulers of the Earth. . . : IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 06.05.03, 00:23 . . . <a>href="www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/arthropoda/arthropoda.html"target="_blank ">.________._______.______.</a> <a>href="www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/arthropoda/uniramia/uniramiamm.html"targe t="_blank">.</a> Odpowiedz Link Zgłoś
Gość: *} An overview of Babylonian mathematics IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 06.05.03, 00:38 www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/HistTopics/Babylonian_mathematics.html www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Diagrams/Babylon_Map.jpeg www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/HistTopics/Babylonian_numerals.html www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Diagrams/Babylonian_symbols.gif www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/HistTopics/Babylonian_Pythagoras.html www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/HistTopics/Zero.html www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/HistTopics/Egyptian_numerals.html www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/HistTopics/Egyptian_papyri.html www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Indexes/Arabs.html Odpowiedz Link Zgłoś
Gość: ***!|!|!*** An overview of mathematics IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 06.05.03, 02:31 > . > . > . > . > . > . > . > . > . . Ball, Bing's Theorem, Bowl of Integers, Bubble, Circle, Cone-Sphere Intersection, Cylinder-Sphere Intersection, Dandelin Spheres, Diameter, Ellipsoid, Exotic Sphere, Fejes Tóth's Problem, Geodesic Dome, Glome, Hypersphere, Liebmann's Theorem, Liouville's Sphere-Preserving Theorem, Mikusinski's Problem, Noise Sphere, Oblate Spheroid, Osculating Sphere, Parallelizable, Prolate Spheroid, Radius, Space Division by Spheres, Sphere Packing, Sphere Line Picking, Sphere Point Picking, Sphere-Sphere Intersection mathworld.wolfram.com/SpaceDivisionbySpheres.html , Tangent Spheres, Tennis Ball Theorem Odpowiedz Link Zgłoś
Gość: jedi maThematics IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 07.05.03, 11:59 Optimal Geometry as Art . . . . . . . . . . What is Mathematics? Mathematics can be defined as the study of abstract patterns. Numbers, of course, are one of the first examples of an abstraction: two plus three is five, whether we're adding apples, or oranges, or something abstract like ideas. But for mathematicians, patterns of even greater abstraction are found all around us. .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::. Odpowiedz Link Zgłoś
Gość: }MTRX }maThematics IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 07.05.03, 13:15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Odpowiedz Link Zgłoś
Gość: [.] }maThemaTrix[].[][]..[][][]... IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 08.05.03, 13:26 ............................................. ............................................. ............... ............................................. ............................................. .............................. .............................. ............... ............... .............................. .............................. .............................. ............................................. ............................................. ............................................. ............... ............................................. ............................................. .............................. .............................. ............... ............... .............................. .............................. .............................. ............................................. Odpowiedz Link Zgłoś
Gość: *}* }maThemaTrix[].[][]..[][][].Re: .. IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 09.05.03, 13:24 <a href="www-gap.dcs.st- and.ac.uk/~history/HistTopics/Babylonian_mathematics.html"target="_blank" 1317192329313741434753596167717379838997101103107109113127131137139149151157163 167 173 179 181 191 193 197 199 211 223 227 229 233 239 241 251 257 263 269 271 277 281 283 293 307 311 313 317 331 337 347 349 353 359 367 373 379 383 389 397 401 409 419 421 431 433 439 443 449 457 461 463 467 479 487 491 499 503 509 521 523 541 547 557 563 569 571 577 587 593 599 601 607 613 617 619 631 641 643 647 653 659 661 673 677 683 691 701 709 719 727 733 739 743 751 757 761 769 773 787 797 809 811 821 823 827 829 839 853 857 859 863 877 881 883 887 907 911 919 929 937 941 947 953 967 971 977 983 991 997 1009 1013 1019 1021 1031 1033 1039 1049 1051 1061 1063 1069 1087 1091 1093 1097 1103 1109 1117 1123 1129 1151 1153 1163 1171 1181 1187 1193 1201 1213 1217 1223 1229 1231 1237 1249 1259 1277 1279 1283 1289 1291 1297 1301 1303 1307 1319 1321 1327 1361 1367 1373 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9901 9907 9923 9929 9931 9941 9949 9967 9973 10007 10009 10037 10039 10061 10067 10069 10079 10091 10093 10099 </a> Odpowiedz Link Zgłoś
Gość: *}* }[ .ma.].[Trix][Thema]..[Re:][][]. IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 09.05.03, 17:41 <a href=www-gap.dcs.st- and.ac.uk/~history/HistTopics/Babylonian_mathematics.html"target="_blank" 97112329313741157163434751673596167717379838997101103107109113127131137139</a> Odpowiedz Link Zgłoś
Gość: . }[ .ma.].[Trix][Thema]..[Re:][][]. IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 09.05.03, 17:46 > . Odpowiedz Link Zgłoś
Gość: *©*©* .... Punkty Widzenia...;) IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 12.05.03, 13:15 www.iranmania.com/forums/public/news/ www.hipakistan.com/en/detail.php?newsId=en25165&F_catID=&f_type=source www.arabicnews.com/ansub/Daily/Day/030509/2003050913.html Odpowiedz Link Zgłoś
Gość: - meta IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 16.05.03, 01:58 vancouver-webpages.com/META/ Odpowiedz Link Zgłoś
Gość: kbl }RECEIVING kuf-beit-lamed *corResponding IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 19.05.03, 23:24 META RECEIVING koach hamedameh associative power Odpowiedz Link Zgłoś
Gość: "|||" whatisthematrix ? IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 14.05.03, 02:23 whatisthematrix.warnerbros.com/rl_cmp/reloaded_final_640.html Odpowiedz Link Zgłoś
dr_frojd ReMatrix 18.05.03, 17:40 ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ||| ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: www.math.ucla.edu/~tom/Game_Theory/comb.pdf :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: www.math.ucla.edu/~tom/math167.html :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: www.math.ucla.edu/~tom/Stat200B.html ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: www.math.ucla.edu/~tom/gamesolve.html ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: davidmlane.com/hyperstat/index.html Odpowiedz Link Zgłoś
Gość: mtrx:RE ZION CITY IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 20.05.03, 00:55 ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ||| ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::::::::.::.:...:....:........................: ::_____________________::::::_________________________::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :-:::--::--::::--::--:-:-:::::--::::::-:::-::-:-:-:::::-::::::-:::::-::-::: ========================================================== www.inner.org/hebleter/letterof.htm Odpowiedz Link Zgłoś
Gość: כ actual_potential IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 21.05.03, 19:33 www.inner.org/hebleter/kaf.htmכ The two letters of the full spelling of the kaf, are the initial letters of the two Hebrew words: koach ("potential") and poel ("actual"). Odpowiedz Link Zgłoś
Gość: 696 66699966699966699966699966699966699966699966699966 IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 22.05.03, 14:56 Gość portalu: כ napisał(a): actual_potentiala 10175637DNnXeFnoCJ Odpowiedz Link Zgłoś
Gość: !}!}!} . IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 22.05.03, 22:08 www.tulane.edu/~dmsander/WWW/109/icosanim.gif There are several reasons why viruses adopt icosahedral symmetry. One is that triangulating a dome into 20 is the best way of producing a shell of equivalently bonded identical structures. It is the minimum free energy structure. The real situation is more complicated than this, because all known viruses have more than 20 subunits. 60 subunits can obviously be arranged symmetrically around an icosahedron. Only a very few viruses have such a small number of subunits e.g. ØX174. This may be because it is difficult to maintain an integral particle with a small number of subunits. Viruses generally fit 60 x N subunits into their capsids. N is sometimes called the triangulation number and values of 1,3,4,7,9,12 and more are permitted. However more than 60 subunits cannot be arranged in an equivalent fashion around an icosahedron. www.tulane.edu/~dmsander/WWW/335/335Structure.html web.uct.ac.za/depts/mmi/stannard/virarch.html Odpowiedz Link Zgłoś
Gość: Dresiarz Re: Fajne - wypas no nie? IP: *.neoplus.adsl.tpnet.pl 24.05.03, 18:41 [][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][]][[]][[][]][][][][][][][][][][][][] []]][][][][]][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][] [][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][]][][][][][][][][][][][] [][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][] [][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][]]]][][][[[[][][][][][][][][][][][] [][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][[][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][[] [][]][][[][][][][][][][][]][][[][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][]][][][][[][][][] [][][][][][]][][[]][][][][][][][][][]][][][][][][]][][][][][][]][][][][][]][][] [][][][]][][][][][][]][][][][][][]][][][][][][]][][][][][][]][][][][]][][][][][] [][]][][][][][][]][][][][]][][][][][][][]][][][][]][][][][][]][][][][][][]][][] [][][][]][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][[][][][][][][][][][][][][][][] [][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][] Odpowiedz Link Zgłoś
Gość: Skin Zajebiste!!! IP: *.neoplus.adsl.tpnet.pl 24.05.03, 18:43 ******************************************************************************** ******************************************************************************** ******************************************************************************** ******************************************************************************** ******************************************************************************** ******************************************************************************** ******************************************************************************** ******************************************************************************** ******************************************************************************** ******************************************************************************** ******************************************************************************** ******************************************************************************** Odpowiedz Link Zgłoś
Gość: דלשמגשך >taggs?< IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 02.06.03, 02:18 hem.passagen.se/zupa_grzybowa/index.html Odpowiedz Link Zgłoś
Gość: . <<<<>>>> IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 05.06.03, 11:17 taggs? <a href="דלשמגשך"target="_blank"> דלשמגשך</a> Odpowiedz Link Zgłoś
dr_frojd <<<<????????????????????????????????>>>> 08.06.03, 23:12 ??????????????????????????????????????? Odpowiedz Link Zgłoś
dr_frojd <<<<!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!>>>> 08.06.03, 23:46 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Odpowiedz Link Zgłoś
Gość: !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! <!!!!!<!!!!<!!<!! IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 16.06.03, 17:23 webnews.textalk.com/en/view.phtml?id=1055&dummy=1055118217 Odpowiedz Link Zgłoś
Gość: c cell IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 19.06.03, 13:38 www.singlecell.org/index.html Odpowiedz Link Zgłoś
Gość: <© > copyRight IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 24.06.03, 17:37 webnews.textalk.com/se/article.phtml?id=19221 Odpowiedz Link Zgłoś
zupagrzybowa {{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{{ ***}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} 27.06.03, 18:47 www.genocide.prv.pl/ Odpowiedz Link Zgłoś
Gość: <> Baruch Spinoza IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 01.07.03, 18:39 Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Baruch Spinoza was one of the great philosophers of the age of Rationalism and a major influence thereafter, as on, paradoxically, both of the bitter enemies Arthur Schopenhauer and G.W.F. Hegel. From a Portuguese Jewish family that had fled to the relative tolerance of the Netherlands, one of the most famous things about Spinoza was his expulsion from the Dutch Jewish community. This is often called an "excommunication," though, as I used to have a high school teacher protest, there is really no such thing as "excommunication" in Judaism. Nevertheless, Spinoza was expelled from the Jewish community and anathematized. Although he is today recognized as one of the greatest Jewish philosophers ever, and the chief Rabbis of Israel have been petitioned to formally lift the curse upon him, this has not happened: Spinoza remains a controversial person in Judaism, for very much the same reasons that led to his expulsion in the first place. Spinoza's God is not the God of Abraham and Isaac, not a personal God at all, and his system provides no reason for the revelatory status of the Bible or the practice of Judaism, or of any religion, for that matter. Spinoza's alienation from his community is reflected in an alternative version of his name. "Baruch" in Hebrew (bârûkh) means "Blessed"; but Spinoza began using the name "Benedict," which in Latin (Benedictus) would mean "spoken well of" or "praised." This reflects the circumstance that Spinoza, with whom Jews were forbidden to associate, inevitably found friendship with Christians instead. Nor was he unsympathetic with Christianity. However, there never was any chance of Spinoza adhering to Christianity as a religion anymore than Judaism. Spinoza's sympathy for Christianity, like Thomas Jefferson's, was entirely for the moral teachings of Jesus, not for the theology, Christology, or the promise of the means of salvation. Like Jefferson, again, Spinoza was a kind of Unitarian, for whom the purely religious aspects of the religions were nearly meaningless. Although his major works went unpublished in his lifetime, Spinoza did acquire concerned friends and some measure of favorable reputation. He had made a living for a while by grinding lenses, where the dust had damaged his lungs. The pension that his friends later obtained for him thus did not prevent him from dying at a tragically young age of 45. His chance for an established academic career, with an offer from a German university, was rejected, naturally, because of the confessional conformity that would have been required. Spinoza's life, consequently, though not irredeemably horrible, seems on the whole sad, isolated, and blighted. Besides tragedy, Spinoza's life and thought is most noteworthy for paradox. No one would ever have thought to call Thomas Jefferson "the God intoxicated man"; but although honoring, apparently, the same sort of rationalized, secularized, and impersonal Deity, this is precisely what Spinoza has been called. How does one, indeed, become "intoxicated" with such a God? Since Spinoza explicitly identifies his God with Nature, it doesn't even seem to be a God at all. How about "the Nature intoxicated man"? Spinoza today is often cited by people who advocate a reductionistic scientism but who are willing to retain some traditional terminology, so that the term "God" adds nothing to the very same natural world described by science. This overlooks a great deal of Spinoza's metaphysics, but the real challenge is how Spinoza's God, even properly conceived, would provide any of the solace, comfort, and meaning of tradition religion to someone like Spinoza. Exactly what was the emotional pull of Spinoza's God on him? We find the answer to this question in the realization that Spinoza is not entirely a modern thinker and that his God in fact has antecedents in the Middle Ages. It is too easy to get carried away with the evident conformity of Spinoza's system to the requirements of science and overlook the foot that it still has planted firmly in Mediaeval Jewish mysticism. Mediaeval Jewish philosophy, in fact, was closely allied to the Neoplatonic philosophical tradition of Late Antiquity, as this had been taken up and developed during the intellectual flowering of Islâm in the 9th century. The details of Spinoza's metaphysics, ironically but significantly, share much more with Islâmic theology that with that of either Judaism or Christianity. It is not clear that Spinoza was even aware of this (or that "Benedict" would be a better translation of Muh.ammad, "Praised," than of "Baruch"), but it could even be said to be the result of a similar emphasis on the uniqueness and power of God. Mediaeval Jewish philosophy reached its height in Spain with Moses Maimonides (1135-1204) and Moses Nahmanides (1194-1270), as Mediaeval Jewish mysticism reached its height with the Zohar of the Spanish Jew Moses ben Shem Tov. Although more rationalistic than Nahmanides, Maimonides, one of the greatest philosophers of the Middle Ages, was nevertheless in the Neoplatonic tradition that had originally mixed both considerable rationalism and mysticism, i.e. the belief in the possibility of personal knowledge, even union, with God and the notion that "religious" truths are often really rational truths packaged in a way comprehensible to the masses. Such views are the most plainly and accessibly stated in Lenn Goodman's translation of the book of the Spanish Islâmic philosopher Ibn Tufayl, Hayy Ibn Yaqzan. Islâmic philosophers eventually got in trouble for such ideas. Jewish philosophers were less likely to get in trouble with the authorities, until, that is, Spinoza. We can gather how this works in Spinoza by examing the details of his metaphysics, as found in Book I of his postumously published Ethics. The fundamental thing to keep in mind when thinking about Spinoza is one simple, striking, and paradoxical proposition: God is the only thing that exists. Although a relatively unfamiliar notion in Western philosophy and religion, this is a venerable position in India, and Spinoza's theory can be classified as a version of "qualified Advaita Vedânta," where everything that we ordinarily think of as existing, does exist as a part of God. It is also noteworthy that the Jewish-Islâmic Mediaeval mystical tradition also approached this. L.H. Grunebaum says of the Sufis, the Islamic mystics, "The mere attribution of reality to any entity besides the One is polytheism" [Medieval Islam, University of Chicago, 1946, 1969, p. 133]. In terms of modern philosophy, we have the term "pantheism," that God is everything; but this can convey the wrong idea. It is not that God is everything, as though everything exists individually and is somehow God, but that nothing exists independently except God and that the "everything" we ordinarily think of is a feature of God. Another term occasionally used for Spinoza is "panentheism," that God is "in" everything; but this is even more deceptive, since it makes it seem like God is a feature of things, rather than the other way around. The way that Spinoza argues it is that there is only one substance, and then that there is only one individual of that substance. In the tradition of Anselm and Descartes, God is a "Necessary Being," who cannot possibly not exist. Existence is part of his essence, and he cannot be without it. But existence is not the entire essence of God. Instead, the one substance is characterized by an infinite number of attributes. Besides existence, we are only aware of two of these: thought and extension. Thus, where Descartes had seen thought as the unique essence of the subs Odpowiedz Link Zgłoś
Gość: xxx Re:sym/image6/7/34/96/79273496OeJYjj_fs.jpg IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 01.07.03, 23:54 community.webshots.com/sym/image6/7/34/96/79273496OeJYjj_fs.jpg Odpowiedz Link Zgłoś
Gość: :{א}: Re: <!!!!!<!!!!<!!<!! IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 31.08.03, 16:31 community.webshots.com/scripts/guestbook.fcgi?albumID=10677669 Odpowiedz Link Zgłoś
Gość: * GOLEM Z PRAGI IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 11.07.03, 19:49 Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consetetur sadipscing elitr, sed diam nonumy eirmod tempor invidunt ut labore et dolore magna aliquyam erat, sed diam voluptua. At vero eos et accusam et justo duo dolores et ea rebum. Stet clita kasd gubergren, no sea takimata sanctus est Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consetetur sadipscing elitr, sed diam nonumy eirmod tempor invidunt ut labore et dolore. Stet clita kasd gubergren, no sea takimata sanctus est Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consetetur sadipscing elitr, sed diam nonumy eirmod tempor invidunt ut labore et dolore Odpowiedz Link Zgłoś
Gość: propAGit PRAGinfo IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 12.07.03, 14:36 www.praginfo.com/vardattse/judisk.htm 1899 Enligt legenden skapade Rabbi Löw den konstgjorda människan - Golem - år 5340 i den judiska kalender, vilket motsvarar år 1580. Han skapade Golem av lera vid Moldaus strand och lade i hans mun en "shem", en formel som gjorde denna robot levande. I en annan version ritade han i hans panna det hebreiska ordet Emeth (sanning). När han suddade bort den första bokstaven blev ordet Meth (död) kvar. Golem fick namnet Josele och arbetade som tjänare i Rabbi Löws hus. Han sägs ha varit snäll, lite tafatt men tjänstevillig. Men han talade inte. Varje sabbat plockade Rabbi Löw ut Golems "shem" och Golem blev livlös. Men en dag glömde Rabbi Löw att avlägsna "shemen" och Golem började löpa amok i den judiska staden. Han förstörde allt i sin väg med sin övernaturliga styrka tills Rabbi Löw hann komma springande från synagogan och ta ut "shemen". Då bestämde sig Rabbi Löw att aldrig mer ge liv åt Golem igen, den döda kroppen lades på vinden i den Gammalnya synagogan där den ligger än idag. www.praginfo.com/historia/golem.htm Odpowiedz Link Zgłoś
Gość: * THE MAKING OF A GOLEM IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 13.07.03, 18:41 THE MAKING OF A GOLEM (The following is Excerpted from Chayim Bloch, The Golem: Legends of the Ghetto of Prague, Harry Schneiderman, tr. (Vienna: John N. Vernay, 1925), pp. 65--69.) In 1580, Rabbi Judah Loew spoke to G-d and asked him for advice on how to defend the Jews of Prague against the worst defamation in history, the terrible "Blood Libel" and he received the following instructions: Ato Bra Golem Devuk Hakhomer V'tigzar Zedim Chevel Torfe Yisroel Make a GOLEM out of Clay RABBI LOEW ARRANGED THESE WORDS in accordance with the Zirufim (formulas) laid down in the Sefer Yezirah (Book of Creation), with the result that he was filled with the conviction that he would be able, with the help of the letters revealed to him from Heaven, to make a living body out of clay. He sent for his son-in-law, Isaac ben Simson, who was a Kohen (priest), and for his pupil, Jacob ben Chayim Sasson, who was a Levi (Levite), and confided to them the mysterious manner in which he hoped to be able to make the Golem. Rabbi Loew said: "I wish to make a Golem, and I bespeak your collaboration because for this creative act the four elements, Aysch, Mayim, Ruach, Aphar (fire, water, air, and earth) are necessary. Thou, Isaac, art the element of fire; thou, Jakob, art the element of water; I, myself, am air; working together, we shall make out of the fourth element, earth, a Golem." Rabbi Loew, thereupon, gave them the minutest instructions how they must before all, through deep, earnest penitence, sanctify and purify themselves, in order to be prepared for the exalted work of creating a being of stone. He also pointed out to them the danger in which the three of them might be placed if, by reason of incomplete inner sanctification, the attempt would fail, for they would have used the Holy name in vain, or desecrated it. On the second day of the month of Adar, after midnight, the three men betook themselves to the Mikveh (the ritual bath of the Jews), immersed themselves this time with special reverence, then repaired to Rabbi Loew's house where they chanted the Hazoth, the midnight lament for Jerusalem, and in deepest devotion recited the appropriate Psalms. They then took out the Sefer Yezirah, from which Rabbi Loew read several chapters aloud. Finally, they wended their way to the outskirts of the city, to the banks of the Moldau. There, they sought and found a clay-bed and at once set to work.... By torch-light and amidst the chanting of Psalms, the work was begun with feverish haste. They formed out of clay the figure of a person, three ells in length, and with all members. And the Golem lay before them with his face turned towards heaven. The three men then placed themselves at its feet, so that they could gaze fully into its face. It lay there like a dead body, without any movement. Then, Rabbi Loew bade the Kohen walk seven times around the clay body, from right to left, confiding to him the Zirufim (charms) which he was to recite while doing this. When this was done, the clay body became red, like fire. Then Rabbi Loew bade the Levite walk the same number of times, from left to right, and taught him also the formulas suitable to his element. As he completed his task, the fire-redness was extinguished, and water flowed through the clay body; hair sprouted on its head, and nails appeared on the fingers and toes. Then Rabbi Loew himself walked once around the figure, placed in its mouth a piece of parchment inscribed with the Schem (the name of God); and, bowing to the East and the West, the South and the North, all three recited together: "And he breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living soul." (Genesis 2:7) And the three elements, Fire, Water, and Air, brought it about that the fourth element, Earth, became living. The Golem opened his eyes and looked, astonished, about him. And Rabbi Loew said to him: "Stand up!" And he stood up. Then they dressed him in the garments of a Shammes (sexton) and he was soon, to all appearances, an ordinary person; only the faculty of speech was lacking to him, for those words which Heaven had confided to him did not possess the power to control those Zirufim which could have endowed the Golem with speech. And that was really an advantage. God knows what could have happened if a Golem had been given the faculty of speech also! At daybreak, four men went homeward. On the way, Rabbi Loew thus addressed the Golem: "Know thou that we have formed thee from a clod of earth. It will be thy task to protect the Jews from persecution. Thou shalt be called Joseph and thou shalt lodge in the home of the Rabbi. Thou, Joseph, must obey my commands, when and whither I may send thee--in fire and water; or if I command you to jump from the housetop, or if I send thee to the bed of the sea!" Joseph nodded in token of assent. Thus began the adventures of Joseph the Golem that continued until 1593, when it was deemed that his usefulness was over and he was transformed back into a clod of clay. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - The story of the Golem is a story about good and evil. The story takes place in sixteenth-century Prague, the Jewish Ghetto of Eastern Europe where Jews were being attacked following the Blood Libel, a rumor that Jews were making their Passover matzot from the blood of Christian children. To protect the Jews, Rabbi Loew decided to invoke the Golem, a giant made of clay. After he created this creature made of clay, the rabbi placed the word "emet" (meaning "truth") on the Golem's forehead. And, every night the Golem would leave the Ghetto and catch those making these false accusations of the "blood libel" and deliver them to the authorities. But, as the Golem grows bigger and becomes more violent, he kills many of his enemies and the safety is promised to the rabbi if he will destroy his Golem The Golem tries to remain a man of clay, but the rabbi removes the first letter from his forehead, changing "emet" to "met" (meaning "death") and the Golem collapses back into a mound of clay. [The Golem has been compared to King Kong and to Mary Shelly's Frankenstein, which undoubtedly had an influence on those stories.] The belief was that such a golem could serve to protect the Jewish people in times of great trouble. Somewhere a golem may be "waiting to be brought back to life... or perhaps he is here now?" And, as legend has it, the golem, which looks and acts like a person but has superhuman powers, is born through the recitation of a kabbalistic formula. One such golem, created by Rabbi Judah Leow (1513-1609), was said to have saved the Jews in Prague from a pogroms (massacres of Jews). pnews.org/bio/2golem.shtml Odpowiedz Link Zgłoś
Gość: <©> Re: THE MAKING OF A GOLEM IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 15.07.03, 03:12 Gość portalu: * napisał(a): > THE MAKING OF A GOLEM > (The following is Excerpted from Chayim Bloch, The Golem: Legends of the > Ghetto of Prague, Harry Schneiderman, tr. (Vienna: John N. Vernay, 1925), pp. > 65--69.) > In 1580, Rabbi Judah Loew spoke to G-d and asked him for advice on how to > defend the Jews of Prague against the worst defamation in history, the > terrible "Blood Libel" and he received the following instructions: > > Ato Bra Golem Devuk Hakhomer V'tigzar Zedim Chevel Torfe Yisroel > Make a GOLEM out of Clay > RABBI LOEW ARRANGED THESE WORDS in accordance with the Zirufim (formulas) laid > down in the Sefer Yezirah (Book of Creation), with the result that he was > filled with the conviction that he would be able, with the help of the letters > revealed to him from Heaven, to make a living body out of clay. > > He sent for his son-in-law, Isaac ben Simson, who was a Kohen (priest), and > for his pupil, Jacob ben Chayim Sasson, who was a Levi (Levite), and confided > to them the mysterious manner in which he hoped to be able to make the Golem. > > Rabbi Loew said: "I wish to make a Golem, and I bespeak your collaboration > because for this creative act the four elements, Aysch, Mayim, Ruach, Aphar > (fire, water, air, and earth) are necessary. Thou, Isaac, art the element of > fire; thou, Jakob, art the element of water; I, myself, am air; working > together, we shall make out of the fourth element, earth, a Golem." > > Rabbi Loew, thereupon, gave them the minutest instructions how they must > before all, through deep, earnest penitence, sanctify and purify themselves, > in order to be prepared for the exalted work of creating a being of stone. He > also pointed out to them the danger in which the three of them might be placed > if, by reason of incomplete inner sanctification, the attempt would fail, for > they would have used the Holy name in vain, or desecrated it. > > On the second day of the month of Adar, after midnight, the three men betook > themselves to the Mikveh (the ritual bath of the Jews), immersed themselves > this time with special reverence, then repaired to Rabbi Loew's house where > they chanted the Hazoth, the midnight lament for Jerusalem, and in deepest > devotion recited the appropriate Psalms. They then took out the Sefer Yezirah, > from which Rabbi Loew read several chapters aloud. Finally, they wended their > way to the outskirts of the city, to the banks of the Moldau. There, they > sought and found a clay-bed and at once set to work.... > > By torch-light and amidst the chanting of Psalms, the work was begun with > feverish haste. > > They formed out of clay the figure of a person, three ells in length, and with > all members. And the Golem lay before them with his face turned towards heaven. > > The three men then placed themselves at its feet, so that they could gaze > fully into its face. > > It lay there like a dead body, without any movement. > > Then, Rabbi Loew bade the Kohen walk seven times around the clay body, from > right to left, confiding to him the Zirufim (charms) which he was to recite > while doing this. > > When this was done, the clay body became red, like fire. > > Then Rabbi Loew bade the Levite walk the same number of times, from left to > right, and taught him also the formulas suitable to his element. As he > completed his task, the fire-redness was extinguished, and water flowed > through the clay body; hair sprouted on its head, and nails appeared on the > fingers and toes. > > Then Rabbi Loew himself walked once around the figure, placed in its mouth a > piece of parchment inscribed with the Schem (the name of God); and, bowing to > the East and the West, the South and the North, all three recited > together: "And he breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man > became a living soul." (Genesis 2:7) > > And the three elements, Fire, Water, and Air, brought it about that the fourth > element, Earth, became living. The Golem opened his eyes and looked, > astonished, about him. > > And Rabbi Loew said to him: "Stand up!" And he stood up. > > Then they dressed him in the garments of a Shammes (sexton) and he was soon, > to all appearances, an ordinary person; only the faculty of speech was lacking > to him, for those words which Heaven had confided to him did not possess the > power to control those Zirufim which could have endowed the Golem with speech. > And that was really an advantage. God knows what could have happened if a > Golem had been given the faculty of speech also! > > At daybreak, four men went homeward. > > On the way, Rabbi Loew thus addressed the Golem: "Know thou that we have > formed thee from a clod of earth. It will be thy task to protect the Jews from > persecution. Thou shalt be called Joseph and thou shalt lodge in the home of > the Rabbi. Thou, Joseph, must obey my commands, when and whither I may send > thee--in fire and water; or if I command you to jump from the housetop, or if > I send thee to the bed of the sea!" > > Joseph nodded in token of assent. > > Thus began the adventures of Joseph the Golem that continued until 1593, when > it was deemed that his usefulness was over and he was transformed back into a > clod of clay. > > > ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- > - > > The story of the Golem is a story about good and evil. The story takes place > in sixteenth-century Prague, the Jewish Ghetto of Eastern Europe where Jews > were being attacked following the Blood Libel, a rumor that Jews were making > their Passover matzot from the blood of Christian children. To protect the > Jews, Rabbi Loew decided to invoke the Golem, a giant made of clay. > > After he created this creature made of clay, the rabbi placed the word "emet" > (meaning "truth") on the Golem's forehead. And, every night the Golem would > leave the Ghetto and catch those making these false accusations of the "blood > libel" and deliver them to the authorities. But, as the Golem grows bigger and > becomes more violent, he kills many of his enemies and the safety is promised > to the rabbi if he will destroy his Golem The Golem tries to remain a man of > clay, but the rabbi removes the first letter from his forehead, > changing "emet" to "met" (meaning "death") and the Golem collapses back into a > mound of clay. > > [The Golem has been compared to King Kong and to Mary Shelly's Frankenstein, > which undoubtedly had an influence on those stories.] > The belief was that such a golem could serve to protect the Jewish people in > times of great trouble. Somewhere a golem may be "waiting to be brought back > to life... or perhaps he is here now?" > > And, as legend has it, the golem, which looks and acts like a person but has > superhuman powers, is born through the recitation of a kabbalistic formula. > One such golem, created by Rabbi Judah Leow (1513-1609), was said to have > saved the Jews in Prague from a pogroms (massacres of Jews). > > GOLEM Odpowiedz Link Zgłoś
zupagrzybowa Mental Imagery 19.07.03, 02:42 Mental Imagery plato.stanford.edu/entries/mental-imagery/#1 Mental imagery (sometimes colloquially called visualization, or "seeing in the mind's eye") is experience that resembles perceptual experience, but which occurs in the absence of the appropriate stimuli for the relevant perception (cf. Finke, 1989; McKellar, 1957). Very often these experiences are understood by their subjects as echoes or reconstructions of actual perceptual experiences from their past; at other times they may seem to anticipate possible, often desired or feared, future experiences. Thus imagery has often been believed to play a very large, even pivotal, role in both memory (Yates, 1966; Paivio, 1986) and motivation (McMahon, 1973). It is also commonly believed to be centrally involved in visuo-spatial reasoning and inventive or creative thought. Indeed, it has usually been regarded as crucial for all thought processes, although, during the 20th century in particular, this has been called into question. 1. Terminological and Definitional Problems 2. Ancient, Medieval, and Modern Imagery [not yet available] 3. The Eclipse of Imagery in Scientific Psychology plato.stanford.edu/entries/mental-imagery/#3 3.1 Founders of Experimental Psychology: Wilhelm Wundt and William James 3.2 Edward B. Titchener: The Complete Iconophile 3.3 The Perky Experiment 3.4 The Imageless Thought Controversy 3.5 European Responses: Jaensch, Freud, and Gestalt Psychology plato.stanford.edu/entries/mental-imagery/#a3Gestalt 3.6 The American Response: Behaviorist Iconophobia (and Motor Theories of Imagery) plato.stanford.edu/entries/mental-imagery/#a3Behaviorism 4. Imagery in Cognitive Science [not yet available] Bibliography Other Internet Resources Odpowiedz Link Zgłoś
datsh ToneGenerator 19.07.03, 21:27 www.dsptutor.freeuk.com/dtmf/ToneGenerator.html mathworld.wolfram.com/ChineseCheckers.html Odpowiedz Link Zgłoś
Gość: zupagrzybowa 717 IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 21.07.03, 01:03 www.boeing.com/commercial/717/sitemap.html www.thedirectory.org/pref/search/717.htm www.friends-tv.org/zz717.html www.bartleby.com/110/717.html www4.law.cornell.edu/uscode/31/717.html www.smhi.se/cost717/ www.tripadvisor.com/Hotel_Review-g188590-d232397-Reviews-Hotel_717-Amsterdam_Noord_Holland.html www.pagrandlodge.org/districtd/717/ Odpowiedz Link Zgłoś
Gość: demo Re: 718 IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 30.07.03, 02:40 www.bostonfirelocal718.org/ www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/LocusLink/LocRpt.cgi?l=718 www.thedirectory.org/pref/search/718.htm Odpowiedz Link Zgłoś
Gość: *!*} :-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-: IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 30.07.03, 11:18 720 www.720.co.za/ www.livejournal.com/community/720 Odpowiedz Link Zgłoś
drf Re: :-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:- 04.09.03, 19:53 Gość portalu: *!*} napisał(a): > 720 > www.720.co.za/ > www.livejournal.com/community/720 © Odpowiedz Link Zgłoś
Gość: zupagrzybowa gwiazdy i gwiazdozbiory IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 31.07.03, 00:53 www.spacetelescope.org/goodies/bestof24.html Odpowiedz Link Zgłoś
Gość: min bKrotkiMiniKursNawigacjiPrzestrzennej IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 02.08.03, 01:36 c+o=© Odpowiedz Link Zgłoś
zupagrzybowa PrzestrzenMiedzyLiterami 25.08.03, 22:56 Gość portalu: min napisał(a): 1 c+o=© 2 co = c+o Odpowiedz Link Zgłoś
Gość: semafor antySemAntyka antySemiOtyka IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 28.08.03, 01:54 holyGRAM? Odpowiedz Link Zgłoś
zupagrzybowa Strindberg crater, Mercury 28.08.03, 23:18 miac.uqac.ca/MIAC/strindberg.htm www.littlebluelight.com/lblphp/links.php?ikey=26 Odpowiedz Link Zgłoś
Gość: <©> Abu 'Imran Musa ibn Maymun ibn 'Ubayd Allah IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 04.09.03, 02:22 www.firstthings.com/ftissues/ft9902/articles/novak.html Odpowiedz Link Zgłoś
Gość: matrixO Mental Imagery: Around c=-1.92, there is chaos IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 05.09.03, 21:07 www.xs4all.nl/%7Enotnot/index.html www.xs4all.nl/%7Enotnot/breed/BREEDmodels.html www.csse.monash.edu.au/~iterate/SI/earlyProgramme.html About Graphical Iteration Given a point x, f(x) is its iterate under function f. The dynamics of f is understanding what happens to points after successive iterates. Graphical iteration is a visual technique to see where points go under iteraton. Above you see a graph of your function y=f(x) and a graph of the identity function y=i(x). When you choose a value x to iterate, the program draws a vertical line to first iterate, (x,f(x)). Then it draws a horizantal line to the point (f(x),f(x)) on the graph of the identity function. This allows a second iteration, because drawing a vertical line from here to the graph of f gives the point (f(x), f(f(x))), the second iterate. Repeating this process gives all the iterates of x. What to look for Notice that there is an attracting fixed point at c=0. As c decreases, the fixed point ceases to be attracting and a period two orbit forms. This is called a period doubling bifurcation. Move the scroll bar to see this bifurcation occur. As c decreases further, the period two orbit ceases to attract and there is an attracting period four orbit. This process continues, with each period 2^n orbit ceasing to attract exactly when a period 2^(n+1) orbit forms. This is called a period doubling cascade. Finally, there are points of all periods. Around c=-1.92, there is chaos. Acknowledgements One-Dimensional Iteration applet written by Evelyn Sander with the help of Packer Layout written by Daeron Meyer. www.geom.uiuc.edu/java/iteration/ Odpowiedz Link Zgłoś
zupagrzybowa jewishWorldReview 08.09.03, 00:37 www.jewishworldreview.com/ www.ktth.com/pages/nationalnews.html www.jewishworldreview.com/0598/holiness.ram Odpowiedz Link Zgłoś
zupagrzybowa The Mind of Maimonides by David Novak 09.09.03, 19:32 About Moses Maimonides there is an old Jewish folk saying: "From Moses to Moses there was none like Moses." No one brought forth the teaching of Moses and his prophetic and rabbinic successors more comprehensively and systematically than did Maimonides. More has been said and written about him than any other Jewish thinker throughout history. Indeed, many great debates since his death have revolved around the question of just who interpreted Maimonides correctly and who did not. To get Maimonides right has been for many to get Judaism right. His role in the history of Jewish thought is comparable to the role of Thomas Aquinas in Catholic thought. Just as Aquinas (who was influenced by Maimonides) treated with respect all great theologians and philosophers irrespective of religious differences with them, Maimonides did the same with the pagans, Christians, and Muslims, saying about them: "Accept the truth, whatever its source." Indeed, Maimonides himself is a marvelous companion for anyone searching for truth. He could well be considered the outstanding thinker of the twelfth century in the West. His unsurpassed contributions to both Judaism and Western thought left neither quite the same. His actual name was Moses son of Rabbi Maimon the Spaniard, "Maimonides" being the name his Latin translators gave him, namely, "son of Maimon." (Jews have traditionally referred to him by the acronym Rambam.) We know very little about his early life. He was born in 1135 into a distinguished family of rabbinic scholars in Cordoba in Andalus, then part of Muslim (or "Moorish") Spain. His father was his first and most significant teacher. No doubt he was a very precocious youth; he wrote a treatise on proper linguistic usage of theological terms that he probably completed around the age of sixteen. Because of the persecution of non–Muslims by the fanatical Almohad sect, Maimonides and his family were forced to leave Spain when he was in his late teens. They wandered for years in North Africa, where it seems they frequently had to pose as Muslims. After living for a time in the land of Israel, the family finally settled permanently in Fustat, the old city of Cairo in Egypt. It was Maimonides’ good fortune that he did not have to earn a living during his intellectually formative years; his older brother David, a wealthy pearl merchant, supported him. But David died in a shipwreck in the Indian Ocean when Moses was about thirty and his comfortable life was shattered, both financially and emotionally. For about a year, it seems, he remained sunk in a deep depression, during which time he accomplished almost nothing. Eventually his emotional health was restored, and his highly creative career thenceforth moved on at a steady pace. (His advice concerning the treatment of melancholia bears the unmistakable stamp of personal experience and practice.) Until rather late in the Middle Ages, rabbis were not paid for their services— since Moses taught the Torah for free, so should his successors. For that reason, Maimonides like any other rabbi had to adopt a profession in the world, and like many intellectually gifted medieval rabbis he became a physician. His medical reputation seems to have grown with his reputation as a teacher of the Jewish tradition. His speciality was gastroenterology and a number of short treatises he wrote have survived and are useful even today, due to his emphasis on preventive medicine. His advice on proper diet and healthy activities has a very contemporary ring to it. He rose to become the court physician to the political head of his society, the Sultan, and to his court. He was also the acknowledged religious leader of his own Egyptian Jewish community. Soon his fame spread to other Jewish communities, whose leaders consulted him about the most significant questions of law and theology— although a number of Jewish authorities bitterly opposed him as a dangerous radical. For years he maintained a grueling professional schedule, combining his medical practice, community leadership, scholarship, teaching, and an international correspondence. The last few years of his life were devoted to what we would call today a charity clinic. It seems that he regarded his main intellectual work to have by then been completed and he wanted to devote the rest of his life to putting into practice the theory of imitatio Dei he had presented at the end of his major work in philosophical theology, the Guide of the Perplexed. Maimonides died in 1204, and, according to tradition, was buried in Tiberius in the land of Israel. His immediate intellectual successor was his only son, Abraham, a gifted scholar though no match for his father. Aside from treatises and responsa on a variety of religious and scientific topics, Maimonides wrote three major works. His first was a commentary on the Mishnah, which is the second–century compendium upon which the discussions in the Talmud are based. Next to Scripture, the Mishnah is the most important book in Judaism. Though it is called a "commentary," this first great work of Maimonides is actually more of a digest of the main points of the Mishnah and their subsequent development in the Talmud than it is an actual line–by–line exegesis of an older text. It could well be seen as preparatory for his second major work, what Maimonides himself called "our great compilation," Mishneh Torah, the fourteen–volume systematization of all Jewish law from Scripture to his own day. (The relation of the first work to the second work could be compared to Aquinas’ commentary on the Sentences of Peter Lombard in relation to his "great compilation," the Summa Theologiae.) Mishneh Torah is a theological as well as a legal work; Maimonides thought that Jewish theology, itself mandated by the law, should aspire to the precision that characterizes discussions of the law. Finally, there is his third great work, Guide of the Perplexed, the product of his later period. It is devoted to what he considered to be the most important philosophical questions concerning Jewish theology, especially as those questions relate to the text of Scripture. The Guide, when translated from its original Arabic into Hebrew during Maimonides’ lifetime, became the most important work in philosophical theology for Jews thereafter; and when it was translated into Latin shortly after his death, it was taken most seriously by Aquinas and a number of later Christian thinkers. (The irony of this fame is that Maimonides wrote the Guide for only a select number of his disciples, those worthy of being initiated into the "secrets of the Torah.") The Guide is also the book that the renegade from Judaism, Baruch Spinoza, felt had to be overcome if philosophy was ever to become independent of revelation. Maimonides’ work itself might be seen as a response to three challenges to his understanding of Judaism: 1) the Jewish tradition itself, 2) Greek natural science, metaphysics, and ethics/politics ("philosophy" in the broad Platonic– Aristotelian sense) as transmitted through Arabic sources, and 3) Christianity and Islam. The Jewish tradition, itself built upon the discussions of the ancient rabbis in the Talmud and related literature, posed the greatest difficulty for the philosophical mind of Maimonides. The challenge was to organize in an architectonic structure a vast body of data that, on the surface anyway, appears to be hopelessly disjointed and even random. Others before him had tried to tackle this problem—most notably, Isaac Alfasi as regards the legal data and Saadiah Gaon as regards the theological data. Their impressive efforts were still piecemeal compared to that of Maimonides. Alfasi essen Odpowiedz Link Zgłoś
Gość: <©> ZYDZI INDYJSCY IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 10.09.03, 12:19 www.us-israel.org/jsource/Judaism/indians.html The Virtual Jewish History Tour India ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - India has a legacy of three distinct Jewish groups: the Bene Israel, the Cochin Jews and the White Jews from Europe. Each group practiced important elements of Judaism and had active synagogues. The Sephardic rites predominate among Indian Jews. The Bene Israel ("Sons of Israel") lived primarily in Bombay, Calcutta, Old Delhi and Ahmadabad. The native language of the Bene Israel was Marathi, while the Cochin Jews of southern India spoke Malayalam. The Bene Israel claim to be descended from Jews who escaped persecution in Galilee in the 2nd century B.C.E. The Bene Israel resemble the non-Jewish Maratha people in appearance and customs, which indicates intermarriage between Jews and Indians. The Bene Israel, however, maintained the practices of Jewish dietary laws, circumcision and observation of Sabbath as a day of rest. The Bene Israel say their ancestors were oil pressers in the Galil and they are descended from survivors of a shipwreck. In the 18th Century they were "discovered" by traders from Baghdad. At that time the Bene Israel were practicing just a few outward forms of Judaism (which is how they were recognized) but had no scholars of their own. Teachers from Baghdad and Cochin taught them mainstream Judaism in the 18th and 19th centuries. Jewish merchants from Europe traveled to India in the medieval period for purposes of trade, but it is not clear whether they formed permanent settlements in south Asia. Our first reliable evidence of Jews living in India comes from the early 11th century. It is certain that the first Jewish settlements were centered along the western coast. Abraham ibn Daud's 12th century reference to Jews of India is unfortunately vague and we do not have further references to Indian Jews until several centuries later. The first Jews in Cochin (southern India) were the so-called "Black Jews," who spoke the Malayalam tongue. The "White Jews" settled later, coming to India from western European nations such as Holland and Spain. A notable settlement of Spanish and Portuguese Jews starting in the 15th century was Goa, but this settlement eventually disappeared. In the 17th and 18th centuries, Cochin had an influx of Jewish settlers from the Middle East, North Africa and Spain. The Jews of Cochin say that they came to Cranganore (south-west coast of India) after the destruction of the Temple in 70 C.E. They had, in effect, their own principality for many centuries until a chieftainship dispute broke out between two brothers in the 15th century. The dispute led neighboring princes to dispossess them. In 1524, the Moors, backed by the ruler of Calicut (today called Kozhikode) attacked the Jews of Cranganore on the pretext that they were "tampering" with the pepper trade. Most Jews fled to Cochin and went under the protection of the Hindu Raja there. He granted them a site for their own town that later acquired the name "Jew Town" (by which it is still known). Unfortunately for the Jews of Cochin, the Portuguese occupied Cochin in this same period and indulged in persecution of the Jews until the Dutch displaced them in 1660. The Dutch Protestants were tolerant and the Jews prospered. In 1795 Cochin passed into the British sphere of influence. In the 19th century, Cochin Jews lived in the towns of Cochin, Ernakulam and Parur. Today most of Cochin's Jews have emigrated (principally to Israel). Sixteenth and 17th century migrations created important settlements of Jews from Persia, Afghanistan and Characin (Central Asia) in northern India and Kashmir. By the late 18th century, Bombay became the largest Jewish community in India. Bene Israel Jews lived in Bombay, as did Iraqi and Persian Jews. Near the end of the 18th century, a third group of Indian Jews appears. They are the middle-eastern Jews who came to India through trade. They established a trading network stretching from Aleppo to Baghdad to Basra to Surat/Bombay to Calcutta to Rangoon to Singapore to Hong Kong and eventually as far as Kobe, Japan. There were strong family bonds amongst the traders in all these places. Typical is the founder of the Calcutta community, Shalom Aharon Ovadiah HaCohen. He was born in Aleppo in 1762 and left in 1789. He arrived in Surat in 1792 and established himself there. He traded as far as Zanzibar. In 1798 he moved to Calcutta. In 1805 he was joined by his nephew, Moses Simon Duek HaCohen, who married his eldest daughter Lunah. Soon the community was swelled by other traders and Baghdadis outnumbered those from Aleppo. Under British rule, the Jews of India achieved their maximum population and wealth, and the Calcutta community continued to grow and prosper and trade amongst all the cities of the Far East and to the rest of the world. The Indians were very tolerant and the Jews of Calcutta felt completely at home. Their numbers reached a peak of about 5,000 during World War II when they were swelled by refugees fleeing the Japanese advance into Burma. The first generations of Calcutta Jews spoke Judeo-Arabic at home, but by the 1890s English was the language of choice. After WWII, the rise of Indian nationalism made Jews feel less comfortable because they were identified with the English by the Indians. India's Jewish population declined dramatically starting in the 1940s with heavy immigration to Israel, England and the United States. This is were most Indian Jews live today. Odpowiedz Link Zgłoś
Gość: *©*©* W POSZUKIWANIU INTELIGENCJI.... IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 13.09.03, 19:54 webhome.idirect.com/~donlong/monsters/Html/Burak.htm seti.alien.de/ Odpowiedz Link Zgłoś
zupagrzybowa Komputerowe wirusy i robaki ??? 15.09.03, 04:48 PCkurier 8/2002 )) DODATEK SPECJALNY )) BEZPIECZEŃSTWO Zwalczanie programów złośliwych metodami heurystycznymi W poszukiwaniu panaceum Autor: Adam Błaszczyk Komputerowe wirusy i robaki stają się coraz bardziej dokuczliwe, stosują bowiem coraz bardziej wyrafinowane techniki konspiracji. Twórcy oprogramowania profilaktycznego próbują sprostać zagrożeniom za pomocą równie nowatorskich metod - technik heurystycznych i systemów o zasięgu globalnym. Wiele dyskutuje się o poprawie skuteczności metod zwalczania komputerowych bakcyli, nie istnieje jednak jedna uniwersalna recepta na bezpieczeństwo. Oto najczęściej brane pod uwagę elementy profilaktyki i terapii antywirusowej: neutralizacja przesyłek zawierających bakcyla zanim dotrze on do komputera użytkownika (filtry zawartości poczty, systemy IDS, ściany ogniowe), niedopuszczenie do uruchomienia wirusa na komputerze (monitory antywirusowe, piaskownice, maszyny wirtualne), uniemożliwienie uruchomionemu pasożytowi wydostanie się poza komputer (monitory i ściany ogniowe instalowane na komputerach użytkowników), wykrycie, neutralizacja i usunięcie wirusa po jego uaktywnieniu (skanery antywirusowe, szczepionki, przynęty, programy sprawdzające sumy kontrolne), uniemożliwienie ponownego wykorzystania tej samej luki w systemie lub programie (łaty, uaktualnienia, pozytywne wirusy). Kijem czy pałką? Każda z powyższych metod ma swoje wady i zalety. Filtrowanie przesyłek pocztowych jest świetnym pomysłem - pozwala na usunięcie sporej liczby wirusów, a użytkownik nawet nie domyśla się, że istniało jakieś zagrożenie. Problemem, z którym muszą się zmagać tego typu programy, jest narastająca wraz z przepustowością łączy ilość danych do przefiltrowania - zazwyczaj analizowane są nie tylko przesyłki pocztowe, ale również inne pakiety. Dochodzi do tego konieczność unikania błędów zarówno przy diagnozie plików, jak i w samym oprogramowaniu filtrującym. Mogą one przynieść spore szkody użytkownikom, np. gdy źle sformułowana reguła usunie niektóre przesyłki pocztowe - w biznesie e-mail jest używany na równi z faksem czy telefonem. Zaletą skanerów i szczepionek antywirusowych jest stuprocentowa pewność usunięcia wszystkich znanych im wirusów. Programy te są gruntownie testowane, a metody wykrywania wirusów optymalizowane i szybko dostosowywane do istniejących zagrożeń - bazy wirusów uaktualniane są non stop. Ich wadą jest natomiast nieunikniony spadek wydajności na skutek rosnącej liczby wirusów oraz coraz większej powierzchni dysków twardych do sprawdzenia. Nie można też zapomnieć o tym, że nowy wirus może zostać wykryty dopiero po dopisaniu jego sygnatury do bazy danych. Największym plusem monitorów i piaskownic (np. firmy Finjan) jest to, że nie muszą one znać poszczególnych wirusów, bowiem koncentrują się na sposobach ich działania. Uruchamiając program w szczelnym otoczeniu (przejmując obsługę funkcji systemowych), mogą przeanalizować jego zachowanie i zablokować działanie w przypadku jakichkolwiek podejrzeń. Problemy są jednak z wykryciem bardziej zaawansowanych wirusów, które nie uruchamiają się na początku programu, tylko np. zupełnie losowo w jego trakcie. Wirusów stosujących takie techniki, jak ukrywanie punktu wejścia (EPO) czy wplatanie kodu wirusa między instrukcje programu ofiary (code integration) nie da się wykryć przez analizę zachowania programu zaraz po jego uruchomieniu. Uruchomiony wirus zwykle chce się rozmnażać, musi więc wydostać się z komputera, by wyruszyć w cybernetyczną podróż. Przeszkodą mogą być dla niego ściany ogniowe przeznaczone dla stacji roboczych (np. Zone Alarm lub Tiny Personal Firewall), które zezwalają na dostęp do sieci tylko tym programom, które wybrał użytkownik. Łatanie dziur w zainstalowanych programach jest ważną częścią polityki bezpieczeństwa i świetnym sposobem na zamknięcie drzwi przed bakcylami wykorzystującymi głównie znane od dawna błędy w oprogramowaniu. Połączenie wielu metod w zasadzie wystarcza, by użytkownik miał "święty spokój". Warto jednak mieć na uwadze, że błyskawicznie rozwijająca się technologia czyni ten stan dość względnym. W niedalekiej przyszłości pojawią się wirusy o niespotykanym do tej pory poziomie zaawansowania. Wskazują na to tendencje w tworzeniu wirusów, z wyraźnie wiodącymi wątkami: metamorfizm, EPO, integracja z kodem ofiary, wykorzystanie wtyczek oraz prace na temat programowania modularno-obiektowego i jego wykorzystania w przyszłych bakcylach (przykładem są wirusy Win32.Zmist i IWorm. Universe). Typowe monolityczne twory ustąpiły miejsca nowej fali wirusów zbudowanych z oddzielnie utworzonych i połączonych ze sobą komponentów. Dzięki modularności kodu nad wirusem pracować może wielu programistów. Śladami Archimedesa Twórcy programów antywirusowych stoją dziś przed trudnymi zadaniami. Analiza nagłówka pliku i punktu wejścia do programu czy jego emulacja, czyli techniki będące od lat integralną częścią skanerów, już nie wystarczają. Programy antywirusowe muszą badać coraz dłuższe strumienie bajtów, wśród których może się ukryć pasożyt. Proces ten będzie więc coraz wolniejszy i trudniejszy, chociażby za sprawą nowych technik tworzenia wirusów. Jak ustrzec się zatem przed wyrafinowanymi, skrzętnie ukrytymi wirusami i jak wykryć je w coraz większych porcjach danych na coraz większej liczbie komputerów? Obrona jest w zasadzie znana od dawna: globalna baza wiedzy o wirusach (sygnatury, algorytmy, mechanizmy uaktualniania przez sieć wszystkich baz danych jednocześnie) oraz metody z dziedziny heurystyki i powiązanej z nią sztucznej inteligencji. Heurystyka oznacza dosłownie naukę o odkrywaniu i jest pojęciem związanym z twórczym rozwiązywaniem problemów. Znany okrzyk kąpiącego się Archimedesa (heureka!) zrodził się przede wszystkim z obserwacji. Jest to także podstawa, na której buduje się wzorce i reguły opisujące działanie skanerów heurystycznych - wykrywanie wirusów opiera się ściśle na statystyce (a więc na obserwacji) znanych i przeanalizowanych dogłębnie bakcyli oraz na hipotezach dotyczących rozwoju przyszłych ich gatunków. Firmy antywirusowe mają tu nie lada orzech do zgryzienia. Nie lada problemem jest sensowne sklasyfikowanie wirusów, a historia pokazuje (np. pojawienie się makrowirusów, wirusów VBS), jak trudno jest przewidzieć nowe odmiany. Na podstawie zbieranych "odcisków palców" znanych wirusów określane są wzorce zachowań, które powinny wzbudzić podejrzenie w przypadku wykrycia, np. próba zapisu pliku na dysku przez stronę WWW. Jeden z najbardziej znanych światowych wirusologów Marcus Schmall pracuje wytrwale nad praktycznym zastosowaniem metod heurystycznych. Podczas konferencji, zorganizowanej przez Virus Bulletin, zaproponował zastosowanie metajęzyka MetaMS do opisu działania programów złośliwych oraz sposobów ich usuwania. Język ten bazuje na XML, jest więc niezależny od platformy. Co więcej, operuje na wyższym poziomie abstrakcji niż tradycyjna sygnatura wirusa, mogą więc z niego korzystać wszyscy twórcy oprogramowania antywirusowego bez konieczności ponownego "rozgryzania" każdego wirusa. Reguły zamiast sygnatur Heurystyka jest obecnie wbudowana w każdy liczący się filtr zawartości, skaner czy monitor antywirusowy. Reguły rządzące tymi programami są pozornie dość łatwe do sformułowania. Na przykład: Jeśli przesyłka zawiera załączniki, sprawdź, czy mają one rozszerzenie .vbs, exe, .pif, doc, lnk. Jeśli tak - usuń je. Od razu widać, że jest to reguła "grubymi nićmi szyta", gdyż nie uwzględnia takich sytuacji, jak np. wymiana dokumentów w firmie czy przesłanie podejrzanej przesyłki firmie antywirusowej (zostanie ona skasowana zanim ktokolwiek ją obejrzy). Nie da się więc uniknąć żmudnej analizy załącznika (i nie tylko, bo sprawdzane powinny być też np. nagłówki MIME). Nie jest to zadanie łatwe, dlatego syste Odpowiedz Link Zgłoś
alef1 SloNce ;) SUPERSTORM !!! 03.11.03, 02:15 www.geo.mtu.edu/weather/aurora/images/sun/sun-flare.jpg www.geo.mtu.edu/weather/aurora/images/sun/ science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2003/23oct_superstorm.htm Odpowiedz Link Zgłoś
Gość: <©> Re: SloNce ;) SUPERSTORM !!! IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 18.11.03, 02:28 The Sun Goes Haywire November 12, 2003: Imagine you're in California. It's July, the middle of summer. The sun rises early; bright rays warm the ground. It's a great day to be outside. Then, suddenly, it begins to snow--not just a little flurry, but a swirling blizzard that doesn't stop for two weeks. That's what forecasters call unseasonal weather. It sounds incredible, but "something like that just happened on the sun," says David Hathaway, a solar physicist at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center. Only a few weeks ago solar activity was low. The face of the sun was nearly blank--"very few sunspots," says Hathaway--and space weather near Earth was mild. "Mild is just what we expect at this point in the 11-year solar cycle," he explains. "The most recent maximum was in 2001, and solar activity has been declining ever since." Then, suddenly, in late October the sun began to behave strangely. Three giant sunspots appeared, each one larger than the planet Jupiter. In California where smoke from wildfires dimmed the sun enough to look straight at it, casual sky watchers were startled by the huge blotches on the sun. One of them, named "sunspot 486," was the biggest in 13 years. Right: Astrophotographer Bob Sandy of Virginia took this picture of giant sunspot 486 emerging over the sun's limb on Oct. 23, 2003. It is preceded by another giant spot, numbered 484. [more] Sunspots cause solar flares and, usually, the biggest flares come from the biggest spots. The three giant sunspots unleashed eleven X-class flares in only fourteen days--equaling the total number observed during the previous twelve months. "This was a big surprise," says Hathaway. The effects on Earth were many: Radio blackouts disrupted communications. Solar protons penetrated Earth's upper atmosphere, exposing astronauts and some air travelers to radiation doses equal to a medical chest X-ray. Auroras appeared all over the world--in Florida, Texas, Australia and many other places where they are seldom seen. Researchers rank solar flares according to their x-ray power output. C-flares are the weakest. M-flares are middling-strong. X-flares are the most powerful. Each category has subdivisions: e.g., X1, X2, X3 and so on. A typical X-flare registers X1 or X2. On Nov. 4th, sunspot 486 unleashed an X28 flare--the most powerful ever recorded. Left: An extreme-ultraviolet telescope onboard the orbiting Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) captured this false-color movie of the Nov. 4, 2003, X28 superflare near the sun's limb. [more] "In 1989 a flare about half that strong caused a widespread power blackout in Quebec," recalls Hathaway. Last week's blast was aimed away from Earth, so its effects on our planet were slight--a bit of good luck. All this happened two years after solar maximum, which raises a question: is something wrong with the solar cycle? Is the sun going haywire? "Nothing's wrong," reassures Hathaway. The sun isn't about to explode, nor is the sunspot cycle broken. "These latest sunspots were whoppers," he allows, "but sunspot counts averaged over many weeks are still declining as predicted. We're still on course for a solar minimum in 2006." Indeed, it's possible that what we've just experienced is a normal part of the solar cycle, speculates Hathaway. "There's a curious tendency for the biggest flares to occur after solar maximum--on the downslope toward solar minimum. This has happened during two of the last three solar cycles." The plot below illustrates his point. Below: Using data archived by NOAA's Space Environment Center, Francis Reddy created this plot of sunspot number and X-class solar flares during the last three solar cycles. Consider the year 1984, says Hathaway. Sunspot counts were plunging, and the sun was rapidly approaching the 1985-86 solar minimum. Suddenly a giant sunspot appeared, Jupiter-sized like sunspot 486, and unleashed two dozen M-flares and three X-flares, including a remarkable flare registering X13. People then probably wondered too if the solar cycle was broken. "It's hard to be sure what's normal and what's not," notes Hathaway. "Astronomers have been observing x-rays from the sun for only 35 years--or three solar cycles. We can't draw good statistical conclusions from so few data." Sign up for EXPRESS SCIENCE NEWS delivery One thing is certain, though: flurries of solar activity can happen at any time. The next time, says Hathaway, could be just a week or so away. Sunspot 486 and its companions are on the far side of the sun now, carried around by the sun's 27-day rotation. "We suspect they're still active," says Hathaway, because the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory--a sun-watching satellite--has photographed clouds of gas being thrown over the sun's limb by unseen explosions. Unless these sunspots dissipate, which could happen, they will reappear on the Earth-facing side of the sun beginning as early as Nov. 14th. And then...? No one knows. "We might get some more unseasonal space weather," says Hathaway. But this time he won't be surprised. science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2003/12nov_haywire.htm Odpowiedz Link Zgłoś
zupagrzybowa The Sun Goes Haywire 25.11.03, 02:19 What are complex numbers? The Mandelbrot set is the domain of convergence of the series built up by the complex sequence defined by the recursion law: Zn+1 = Z2n + C, therefore understanding complex numbers is important to understand what the Mandelbrot set represents. If you are familiar with complex numbers, you can skip this section. If you haven't encountered complex numbers during your studies, don't worry! In order to learn what they are and how to use them to build fractals you only need some simple concepts. A complex number is made by two parts: the real part and the imaginary part. The real part is a real number (i.e. an ordinary number), the imaginary part is another real number multiplied by i, which is called the imaginary unit and is defined as the square root of -1, so that i2 = -1. Example: -6 + 9i is a complex number. Now imagine a plane with two coordinate axes on it. We can associate each point of the plane with a complex number of the form: x_coordinate + i*y_coordinate. The picture below shows the correspondence between the coordinates of a point and the complex number that can be associated with it. We need to define some operations to deal with complex numbers: Adding two complex numbers is very simple. Let's take two complex numbers: Z1=a1+ib1 and Z2=a2+ib2. The complex number resulting from Z1+Z2 is defined as: a1+a2+i*(b1+b2). The real part of the result is the sum of the real parts of Z1 and Z2; the imaginary part of the result is the sum of the imaginary parts of Z1 and Z2. Example: Z1 = 2 + i , Z2 = 3 - 6i , Z1+Z2 = 5 - 5i In order to multiply Z1 by Z2 we only need to remember the distributive law and the equation i2 = -1. Therefore, the multiplication is defined as follows: Z1*Z2 = a1*a2 - b1*b2 +i*(a1*b2 + a2*b1). Example (with the values above): Z1*Z2 = 6 - (-6) + i*(-12 + 3) = 12 - 9i In particular, the square of a complex number (i.e. the complex number multiplied by itself) is: Z2 = a2 - b2 + 2*i*a*b Don't forget this formula, because we'll use it to build Mandelbrot and Julia sets. nrich.maths.org/mathsf/links/display.php3?search=yes&start=0&topic=3&audience=&order=id www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/2854/ spanky.triumf.ca/pub/fractals/images/noel/mandel/four-sqr.png www.cnspace.net/html/fractals.html www.fractalus.com/dan/ www.fractalus.com/dan/vefih.htm www.fractalus.com/dan/Evolutionarium.jpg www.p-gallery.net/ morbidorbits.50megs.com/html/mog6-03.htm Odpowiedz Link Zgłoś
alef1 Jutro to dziś, tyle że jutro. [Sławomir Mrożek] 26.11.03, 01:19 www.culture.pl/en/culture/artykuly/os_mrozek_slawomir home.tu-clausthal.de/student/theater/mrozek.html www.drama21c.net/writers/mrozek/mainMrozek.htm Odpowiedz Link Zgłoś
zupagrzybowa AION 07.12.03, 19:35 members.xoom.virgilio.it/theaion/ www.celebritaspoglie.net/sfondi/ actress.altervista.org/phpBB2/index.php ======================================================== דםצק דקשרבי כםר דקמד Odpowiedz Link Zgłoś
Gość: <©> jeruzalem.alleluja.pl IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 08.12.03, 21:00 Kto tu zaprosił diabły? O uzdrowieniu międzypokoleniowym coś jeszcze http://www.jeruzalem.alleluja.pl/tekst.php?numer=6906 Autor: ksiądz Andrzej Siemieniewski Data: 2003-11-08 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Po kilku dniach zajrzałem znowu do wątku dyskusji o uzdrowieniu międzypokoleniowym. Taka przerwa jest bardzo korzystna: pozwala z pewnego dystansu spojrzeć na główne argumenty uczestników dyskusji. Wydaje mi się, że zwolennicy modlitwy o uzdrowienie międzypokoleniowe, a zwłaszcza według nauk o. DeGrandisa, koncentrują się wokół następujących przyczyn przekazywania złych wpływów grzechu z jednego pokolenia na następne: a) zły wpływ wynikający ze zniszczenia środowiska naturalnego, przyrodniczego; b) zły wpływ środowiska ludzkiego, zwłaszcza otoczenia rodzinnego; c) wpływ złego ducha. Oto fragmenty dyskusji, z których wyciągnąłem taki wniosek: a) zły wpływ wynikający ze zniszczenia środowiska naturalnego, przyrodniczego: „Może skutki grzechów naszych bezpośrednich przodków też na nas wpływają? Niewątpliwie tak! [ …] Albo fakt z drugiej wojny światowej, zrzucenie bomby atomowej na Japonię – do dzisiaj są widoczne tego skutki, chociaż minęło już wiele lat ”. b) zły wpływ środowiska ludzkiego, zwłaszcza otoczenia rodzinnego: „Na pewno wszystkich nas interesuje, jak może dojść do «skażenia» międzypokoleniowego? Otóż związane jest ono ze środowiskiem naszych rodzin ”. „Często jest tak, że mój grzech osobisty dotyka nie tylko mnie, ale też i innych, niewinnych. Ojciec pije, a przy nim cierpią niewinne dzieci i cała rodzina ”. c) wpływ złego ducha: „Najgorsze w tym wszystkim jest to, że obciążeniu pokoleniowemu może towarzyszyć działanie szatana, jakiegoś złego ducha, który ukrywa się pod konkretnym problemem ”. „Ważną rzeczą jest, aby członkowie rodziny razem ustalili, o co należy się modlić, np. powtarzające się choroby, problemy duchowe (np. przekazywanie zdolności okultystycznych, zainteresowanie wróżbiarstwem, magią, spirytyzmem) ”. „Przy modlitwach wstawienniczych często ujawnia się zły duch, którego można nazwać: duch pijaństwa, śmierci, spirytyzmu, okultyzmu, magii, nienawiści, nieprzebaczenia itd. ”. Pierwszą przyczynę możemy na potrzeby naszej dyskusji pominąć, dlatego że rzadko zdarza się modlitwa o uwolnienie np. od zatrutych nurtów rzeki Bóbr. Druga przyczyna, jako oczywista, też nie budzi raczej sprzeciwów: każdy zgadza się, że lepiej wzrastać w rodzinie zgodnej i przyjaznej niż w awanturniczym gronie kryminalnego marginesu. Pytania rodzą się oczywiście przy trzeciej przyczynie – wpływ złego ducha na przekazywanie skutków grzechów moich przodków. Dlatego na tym właśnie najpierw skoncentrujmy naszą uwagę. Jako lekarstwo na międzypokoleniowe działanie diabła proponuje się terapię wybitnie duchową, która przybiera postać łamania potęgi demona i usuwania jego wpływów z czyjegoś życia: – Proponuję rozrysowanie drzewa genealogicznego do czwartego pokolenia, do osoby pradziadka. – Istotą modlitwy o uzdrowienie międzypokoleniowe jest wzywanie Bożego błogosławieństwa, nawrócenie i złamanie przekleństw, które wypływa z naszych pokoleń, a dotyka nas i naszych rodzin. – Bardzo często zdarza się tak, że w trakcie trwania modlitw trzeba przeprowadzać modlitwy wstawiennicze i o uwolnienie [od wpływów złego ducha]. Jako biblijne argumenty na poparcie tezy o demonicznym działaniu do trzeciego i czwartego pokolenia oraz o potrzebie wypędzania względnie usuwania wpływów złego ducha podaje się następujące fragmenty Pisma: „Pan, Bóg twój, który karze występek ojców na synach do trzeciego i czwartego pokolenia […], okazuję zaś łaskę aż do tysiącznego pokolenia względem tych, którzy Mnie miłują i przestrzegają moich przykazań ” (Wj 20,5). „Pan zsyłający kary za niegodziwość ojców na synów i wnuków aż do trzeciego i czwartego pokolenia – ale miłosierny i litościwy, bogaty w łaskę i wierność, zachowujący swą łaskę w tysiączne pokolenia ” (Wj 34,7). „Pan cierpliwy, bogaty w życzliwość, przebacza niegodziwość i grzech, lecz nie pozostawia go bez ukarania, tylko karze grzechy ojców na synach do trzeciego, a nawet czwartego pokolenia ” (Lb 14,18). Są też inne pożyteczne w tej mierze fragmenty Pisma: np. przypadek synów Helego. Uzupełnione jest to wszystko przez naukę Kościoła, np. z Katechizmu można rzeczywiście wyciągnąć następujące wnioski: Skutki grzechu mego przodka na pewno odczuwa cały Kościół, który działa, tak jak ja to sobie wyobrażam, trochę na zasadzie naczyń połączonych. Jaki powinien być następny krok w naszej dyskusji? Najpierw wyobrazimy sobie, że mamy do dyspozycji tylko Stary Testament, a potem rozważymy sprawę jako chrześcijanie, ludzie Nowego Testamentu. Wreszcie sprawdzimy, czy argumenty z Katechizmu Kościoła katolickiego są wystarczające do uzasadnienia takiej koncepcji uzdrowienia międzypokoleniowego, gdzie kładzie się nacisk na łamanie przekleństw i usuwanie skutków działania diabła. a. na płaszczyĽnie Starego Testamentu To prawda, że Stary Testament często mówi o przykrych skutkach spotykających ludzi aż do czwartego pokolenia wskutek grzechów przodków. Najczęściej mowa jest o konsekwencjach za grzechy popełnione przez niektórych Izraelitów a ponoszonych póĽniej przez wszystkich, żyjących np. sto lat póĽniej. W tym sensie owe „trzecie i czwarte pokolenie ” to po prostu ludzie żyjący póĽniej, np. my, Polacy, jesteśmy wszyscy „czwartym pokoleniem ” ludzi z czasów I wojny światowej. Opisane w Biblii przykre konsekwencje najczęściej nie mają więc związku z tym, czy sto lat temu grzeszył mój prapradziadek, prapradziadek zupełnie nieznanego p. X, czy zgoła bezdzietny pan Y: tak czy inaczej takie same konsekwencje ponosimy wszyscy razem. Niekiedy zaś, choć rzadziej, mowa w Biblii o konsekwencjach ponoszonych przez genetycznych przodków: to mój prapradziadek, a nie prapradziadek pana X spowodował moje przykrości dziś. Zapytajmy jednak, wciąż ograniczając się tylko do Starego Testamentu: czyim dziełem są owe konsekwencje, zarówno te w skali społecznej, jak i w skali rodzinnej? I tu niespodzianka: są dziełem Boga: „Pan, Bóg twój, który karze występek ojców na synach do trzeciego i czwartego pokolenia ” (Wj 20,5); „Pan zsyłający kary za niegodziwość ojców na synów i wnuków aż do trzeciego i czwartego pokolenia ” (Wj 34,7); „Pan karze grzechy ojców na synach do trzeciego, a nawet czwartego pokolenia ” (Lb 14, 18). Natomiast współcześni zwolennicy uzdrowienia międzypokoleniowego zdecydowanie twierdzą, że zwalczają kary ponoszone za grzechy przodków do trzeciego i czwartego pokolenia, ponieważ mają do czynienia z dziełem diabła. To demonom przypisują skuteczność takiego przekleństwa i podtrzymywanie jego złowrogiego działania. Ale dlaczego? Stary Testament nic o tym nie mówi. Mówi natomiast, że chodzi tu o dzieło Boże, mianowicie o Bożą karę. Jak w tym świetle wygląda pragnienie łamania takich konsekwencji grzechów przodków, które trwają do czwartego pokolenia? (Przypominam, że cały czas próbujemy ograniczyć się tylko do danych Starego Testamentu). Wygląda to na łamanie ni mniej, ni więcej, ale … Bożego dzieła: dzieła zamierzonego dla ukarania winnych i ku przestrodze pozostałych. Wydaje się więc, że jeśli pozostaniemy na płaszczyĽnie Starego Testamentu, to nauka o uzdrowieniu międzypokoleniowym w sensie uwalniania z demonicznych powiązań nie ma podstaw biblijnych. b. na płaszczyĽnie Nowego Testamentu Nowy Testament, jak się wydaje, tylko raz porusza temat duchowych przyczyn chorób wśród ochrzczonych, czło Odpowiedz Link Zgłoś
Gość: dR_uFo korespondencja z Marsa IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 07.01.04, 03:08 Det är nu dagen efter mit “åhörande med den administrtaiva domaren I den amerikanska myndigheten som heter “SOSIAL SECURITY” (SOSIAL trygghet) Dwt aar dagen som jag hade för mig skulle vara mit slut , avrättnings Dagen… Jag kunde inte tro resultaten efter spelets slut för denna dag” Domaren kunde inte förstå varför jag befann mig I hans rättsal,han hade ingen aning ,information,upplysningar hur vad och varför!??!jag igentligen var där!?? domaren sade följande: Om inte federala administrationen (central myndighets kontoret) SOSIAL ECURITY main office svarar till mig om (innom 60 dagar) varför X har dessa anklagelser” kommer jag att dumma I hans favör” Domaren kunde heller inte förstå varför min handicaps ersättning hade avsluttats och att jag skall vara skyldig och eller återbetallnins skyldig några pengar als !??Vilket verkar till mig enotroligt pajas.snurig sprets spel!!!!!!! Kommer att ta friheten att saga “upplever en frihets känsla “ idag. Livet har lärt mig att inte uppskata något allt för myket!?? Det kommer så ofta övraskningar!! Får se vart dom skall nu göra. Förhoppnigs vis blir det inte en” akt 2” I denna löjlighets spel! Kommer hem denna sondag 11 januari Jag hör av mig varma hälsningar Odpowiedz Link Zgłoś
jarek_miriam Re: & & #35 1502;& & #35 1514;& & #35 1493;& & 11.01.04, 03:10 I understand that you have some important reasons to write here in Hebrew. Please, translate your text into English, if you can. Probably we will understand each other directly then. Shalom. Odpowiedz Link Zgłoś
Gość: "|||" Schulz, Bruno IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se 11.01.04, 20:27 SKLEPY CYNAMONOWE W okresie najkrótszych, sennych dni zimowych, ujetych z obu stron, od poranku i od wieczora, w futrzane krawedzie zmierzchów, gdy miasto rozgalezialo sie coraz glebiej w labirynty zimowych nocy, z trudem przywolywane przez krótki swit do opamietania, do powrotu-- ojciec mój byl juz zatracony, zaprzedany, zaprzysiezony tamtej sferze. Twarz jego i glowa zarastaly wówczas bujnie i dziko siwym wlosem, sterczacym nieregularnie wiechciami, szczecinami, dlugimi pedzlami, strzelajacymi z brodawek, z brwi, z dziurek od nosa--co nadawalo jego fizjonomii wyglad starego, nastroszonego lisa. Wech jego i sluch zaostrzal sie niepomiernie i znac bylo po grze jego milczacej i napietej twarzy, ze za posrednictwem tych zmyslów pozostaje on w ciaglym kontakcie z niewidzialnym swiatem ciemnych zakamarków, dziur mysich, zmurszalych przestrzeni pustych pod podloga i kanalów kominowych. Wszystkie chroboty, trzaski nocne, tajne, skrzypiace zycie podlogi mialy w nim nieomylnego i czujnego dostrzegacza, szpiega i wspólspiskowca. Absorbowalo go to w tym stopniu, ze pograzal sie zupelnie w tej niedostepnej dla nas sferze, z której nie próbowal zdawac nam sprawy. Nieraz musial strzepywac palcami i smiac sie cicho do siebie samego, gdy te wybryki niewidzialnej sfery stawaly sie zbyt absurdalne; porozumiewal sie wówczas spojrzeniem z naszym kotem, który równiez wtajemniczony w ten swiat, podnosil swa cyniczna, zimna, porysowana pregami twarz, mruzac z nudów i obojetnosci skosne szparki oczu. Zdarzalo sie podczas obiadu, ze wsród jedzenia odkladal nagle nóz i widelec i z serweta zawiazana pod szyja podnosil sie kocim ruchem, skradal na brzuscach palców do drzwi sasiedniego, pustego pokoju i z najwieksza ostroznoscia zagladal przez dziurke od klucza. Potem wracal do stolu, jakby zawstydzony, z zaklopotanym usmiechem, wsród mrukniec i niewyraznych mamrotan, odnoszacych sie do wewnetrznego monologu, w którym byl pograzony. Azeby mu sprawic pewna dystrakcje i oderwac go od chorobliwych dociekan, wyciagala go matka na wieczorne spacery, na które szedl, milczac, bez oporu, ale i bez przekonania, roztargniony i nieobecny duchem. Raz nawet poszlismy do teatru. Znalezlismy sie znowu w tej wielkiej, zle oswietlonej i brudnej sali, pelnej sennego gwaru ludzkiego i bezladnego zametu. Ale gdy przebrnelismy przez cizbe ludzka, wynurzyla sie przed nami olbrzymia bladomebieska kurtyna, jak niebo jakiegos innego firmamentu. Wielkie, malowane maski rózowe, z wydetymi policzkami, nurzaly sie w ogromnym plóciennym przestworzu. To sztuczne niebo szerzylo sie i plynelo wzdluz i w poprzek, wzbierajac ogromnym tchem patosu i wielkich gestów, atmosfera tego swiata sztucznego i pelnego blasku, który budowal sie tam, na dudniacych rusztowaniach sceny. Dreszcz plynacy przez wielkie oblicze tego nieba, oddech ogromnego plótna, od którego rosly i ozywaly maski, zdradzal iluzorycznosc tego firmamentu, sprawial to drganie rzeczywistosci, które w chwilach metafizycznych odczuwamy jako migotanie tajemnicy. Maski trzepotaly czerwonymi powiekami, kolorowe wargi szeptaly cos bezglosnie i wiedzialem, ze przyjdzie chwila, kiedy napiecie tajemnicy dojdzie do zenitu i wtedy wezbrane niebo kurtyny peknie naprawde, uniesie sie i ukaze rzeczy nieslychane i olsniewajace. Lecz nie bylo mi dane doczekac tej chwili, albowiem tymczasem ojciec zaczal zdradzac pewne oznaki zaniepokojenia, chwytal sie za kieszenie i wreszcie oswiadczyl, ze zapomnial portfelu z pieniedzmi i waznymi dokumentami. Po krótkiej naradzie z matka, w której uczciwosc Adeli zostala poddana pospiesznej, ryczaltowej ocenie, zaproponowano mi, zebym wyruszyl do domu na poszukiwanie portfelu. Zdaniem matki do rozpoczecia widowiska bylo jeszcze wiele czasu i przy mojej zwinnosci moglem na czas powrócic. Wyszedlem w noc zimowa, kolorowa od iluminacji nieba. Byla to jedna z tych jasnych nocy, w których firmament gwiezdny jest tak rozlegly i rozgaleziony, jakby rozpadl sie, rozlamal i podzielil na labirynt odrebnych niebios, wystarczajacych do obdzielenia calego miesiaca nocy zimowych i do nakrycia swymi srebrnymi i malowanymi kloszami wszystkich ich nocnych zjawisk, przygód, awantur i karnawalów. Jest lekkomyslnoscia nie do darowania wysylac w taka noc mlodego chlopca z misja wazna i pilna, albowiem w jej pólswietle zwielokrotniaja sie, placza i wymieniaja jedne z drugimi ulice. Otwieraja sie w glebi miasta, zeby tak rzec, ulice podwójne, ulice sobowtóry, ulice klamliwe i zwodne. Oczarowana i zmylona wyobraznia wytwarza zludne plany miasta, rzekomo dawno znane i wiadome, w których te ulice maja swe miejsce i nazwe, a noc w niewyczerpanej swej plodnosci nie ma nic lepszego do roboty, jak dostarczac wciaz nowych i urojonych konfiguracji. Te kuszenia nocy zimowych zaczynaja sie zazwyczaj niewinnie od chetki skrócenia sobie drogi, uzycia niezwyklego lub predszego przejscia. Powstaja ponetne kombinacje przeciecia zawilej wedrówki jakas nie wypróbowana przecznica. Ale tym razem zaczelo sie inaczej. Uszedlszy pare kroków, spostrzeglem, ze jestem bez plaszcza. Chcialem zawrócic, lecz po chwili wydalo mi sie to niepotrzebna strata czasu, gdyz noc nie byla wcale zimna, przeciwnie - pozylkowana strugami dziwnego ciepla, tchnieniami jakiejs falszywej wiosny. www.gutenberg.net/etext05/sklep10.txt Szalom Odpowiedz Link Zgłoś