bwv1004
12.05.05, 19:54
Niby sam nawoływałem do zaprzestania kłótni o światła w dzień, ale znalazłem
inne źródła i nie mogę sie powstrzymać, zeby nie pokazać.
Pod adresem www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed znajduje
się baza WSZYSTKICH artykułów (dane bibliograficzne i przeważnie
streszczenia) zamieszczanych w czasopismach naukowych o tematyce związanej
(nawet luźno) z medycyna. Ponieważ kwestia używania świateł w dzień jest
związana z medycyną (fizjologią oka), zrobiłem rzecz następującą.
Do wyszukiwarki wpisałem headlights visibility. Pojawiło się 6 cytowań, z
tego 1 najwyraźniej na temat:
4: Lachenmayr B. [Driving with light during the day?] Ophthalmologe. 1995
Feb;92(1):93-9. German. PMID: 7719085 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Ponieważ interesujące nas zagadnienie moze być opisane innymi słowami niż
użyte przeze mnie, zastosowałem narzędzie Related Articles - wyszukujące w
bazie artykuły związane (podobne) do zadanego. Popatrzmy co wyszło. Podaję
pierwsze 12 artykułów - linki do streszczeń i najważniejsze zdania z tych
streszczeń (następne nie trzymały się już tematu)
1: Lachenmayr B.
[Driving with light during the day?]
Ophthalmologe. 1995 Feb;92(1):93-9. German.
PMID: 7719085 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=7719085
Cytat: "Daytime running light increases the visibility of oncoming cars
tremendously. Not only the drivers, but also pedestrians and cyclists profit
from this gain of visibility. Especially drivers with poor vision, who will
become more and more frequent during the coming years due to the increase of
percentage of older drivers, have a specific profit from daytime running
light. Potentially negative side-effects of daytime running light are:
reduction of visibility of the brake-lights, glare, loss of visibility for
pedestrians and cyclists, damage to the retina, increase of fuel consumption.
All these arguments are either not crucial or cannot be documented by
statistical data. On the other hand the data which are available up to now
concerning frequency of accidents in those countries and areas in which
daytime running light was used or is used, show a trend, sometimes even a
statistical significant reduction of daytime accidents. This reduction is
especially pronounced for accidents with pedestrians and cyclists."
A więc światła pomagają - również rowerzystom i piechurom!!!
2: Lachenmayr B.
[Daytime running light: pros and cons]
Ophthalmologe. 2003 Oct;100(10):836-42. Review. German.
PMID: 14618358 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=14618358
Cytat: "Experience is present from the Scandinavian countries, from Canada
and the United States. DRL reduces traffic accidents tremendously and
encompasses all participants in road traffic, especially the non-motorized
pedestrians and cyclists."
j.w. (ale ten sam autor)
3: Elvik R.
A meta-analysis of studies concerning the safety effects of daytime running
lights on cars.
Accid Anal Prev. 1996 Nov;28(6):685-94.
PMID: 9006637 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=9006637
Cytat:"It is concluded that the use of DRL on cars reduces the number of
multi-party daytime accidents by about 10-15% for cars using DRL. The
estimated effects on the total number of accidents of introducing DRL laws
are somewhat smaller, 3-12% reduction in multi-party daytime accidents"
znowu - światła pomagają
4: Williams AF, Lancaster KA.
The prospects of daytime running lights for reducing vehicle crashes in the
United States.
Public Health Rep. 1995 May-Jun;110(3):233-9.
PMID: 7610209 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=7610209
Cytat: "Seven countries require motor vehicles to have lights on during all
daytime periods--Canada, Denmark, Finland, Hungary, Iceland, Norway, and
Sweden. Studies from these and other countries have generally indicated that
daytime running lights use is associated with small to moderate reductions in
multiple-vehicle daytime crashes, especially those involving vehicles
approaching from the front or side. There is evidence also that initial
positive effects of daytime running lights do not dissipate over time, that
is, there is little support for novelty or habituation effects. The bulk of
the evidence suggests that running lights do not lead to increases in
collisions involving pedestrians and pedalcyclists, allaying concerns that
there would be negative consequences of making these road users relatively
less conspicuous."
znoowu - światła pomagają, i nie szkodzą cyklistom i piechurom
5: Mainster MA, Timberlake GT.
Why HID headlights bother older drivers.
Br J Ophthalmol. 2003 Jan;87(1):113-7. Review.
PMID: 12488274 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
(dotyczy czego innego - HID to żarówki łukowe o wysokiej intensywności)
6: Elvik R.
The effects on accidents of compulsory use of daytime running lights for cars
in Norway.
Accid Anal Prev. 1993 Aug;25(4):383-98.
PMID: 8357452 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=8357452
Cytat: "The total number of multiparty accidents in daylight was not reduced.
Pedestrian accidents and accidents in twilight were not reduced. The number
of rear-end collisions increased by about 20%. Daytime running lights appear
to reduce daytime multiparty accidents only during summer (by about 15%) and
only for multivehicle accidents, excluding rear-end collisions. The
possibility that confounding factors may have influenced study results is
examined. It is concluded that such an influence cannot be ruled out. The
discussion of the results highlights the difficulties of reaching clear and
defensible conclusions in nonexperimental accident research of the kind
reported in this paper."
Tu wyszło że światła pomagają w niektórych tylko warunkach. T20% wzrost
zderzeń przód-tył sugeruje, że spadła widoczność świateł stop. Ale autorzy
podkreślają że mogły miec wpływ inne czynniki.
7: Sparks GA, Neudorf RD, Smith AE, Wapman KR, Zador PL.
The effect of daytime running lights on crashes between two vehicles in
Saskatchewan: a study of a government fleet.
Accid Anal Prev. 1993 Oct;25(5):619-25.
PMID: 8397664 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=8397664
Cytat: "Keeping vehicle lights on to increase vehicle conspicuity during
daytime hours has been found to reduce crashes in Scandinavia and the United
States. [...]Daytime two-vehicle crashes involving vehicles approaching from
the front or side were reduced by about 28% for the daytime running-light
equipped vehicles"
znów pomagają
8: Theeuwes J, Riemersma J.
Daytim