Tajemniczym wirusem została zakażona siedmioletnia

[ineedmony]

Tajemniczym wirusem została zakażona siedmioletnia dziewczynka, pogryziona
przez nietoperza, która od pół roku leży w śpiączce w Klinice Intensywnej
Terapii Instytutu Centrum Zdrowia Matki Polki. Lekarze są bezradni, nie
wiedzą jak jej pomóc donosi Express Ilustrowany.Nie udało się zidentyfikować
wirusa, którym zakażona jest dziewczynka. Najprawdopodobniej dziecko zakażone
jest zupełnie jeszcze nieznanym przez nas wirusem, który dopiero się ujawnił.

[podyanty]

A czy lekarze owi slyszeli o wystepujacym wsrod nietoperzy LYSSAVIRUS (jest tak blisko spokrewniony z
wirusem wscieklizny, ze dziala na niego szczepionka przeciw wsciekliznie)?

www.wrongdiagnosis.com/l/lyssavirus/intro.htm

European Bat Lyssavirus 1 lub 2

[podyanty]

European Bat Lyssavirus 1 lub 2; niestety, z czterech przypadk?w zaka?enia ludzi w Europie od 1977
oku wszystkie by?y ßmiertelne.

www.eurosurveillance.org/ew/2002/021212.asp
A human case of European Bat Lyssavirus (EBL) 2 infection in Scotland in November was confirmed by
the Veterinary Laboratories Agency in November 2002 (1). This is the first confirmed human infection
of EBL 2 in the United Kingdom (UK), and the first human rabies-like infection acquired in the UK since
1902 (2). The man who became infected was admitted to hospital with an acutely progressing
neurological illness and died on 24 November 2002 (3). The suspicion of a rabies-like illness arose
because the clinical presentation was compatible with rabies and because the man was a licensed bat
handler who had been bitten by bats on several occasions in Scotland, including once during the period
of incubation before he developed this illness. He had not travelled abroad recently to countries where
rabies is endemic. The patient had not received rabies immunisation before or after exposure to bat
bites. This is the fourth confirmed human EBL infection in the world and only the second one with EBL 2
(4-6). The three human cases reported previously occurred in Ukraine in 1977 and in Finland and
Russia in 1985. All three previous cases have been in people who had been in close contact with bats.
The two cases in the former Soviet Union were EBL 1 infections in children who had been bitten by bats
(7-10). The case in Finland occurred in a bat handler and was the only previous recorded case of EBL 2
infection. None had received pre- or post- exposure vaccination. The clinical presentations were similar
to classical rabies, and all four cases have been fatal.

Prior to the recent diagnosis of rabies-like infection in Scotland, two EBL 2 infections have been
confirmed in bats in the UK, one in Newhaven on the southern coast of England in 1996 (11) and
another in Lancashire in 2002 (12). Both of these bat rabies cases were in the same species, the
Daubenton's bat (Myotis daubentonii). It was thought in 1996 that the bat might have migrated from
continental Europe. However the finding of the 2002 Lancashire bat case well away from mainland
Europe and of an infection confirmed in a bat handler is more consistent with EBL being now endemic
in UK bats, although probably at very low levels (13). The Veterinary Laboratories Agency in the UK
tests about 200 bats every year for this virus and has not so far identified EBL in any bats other than the
two cases in 1996 and 2002 (14).

EBL 1 and 2 are rabies-like viruses that are carried by insectivorous bats in Europe. They are from the
same family of viruses as cause terrestrial rabies and bat rabies in the Americas and Australia, the
Lyssavirus genus, but differ in genotype and serotype. In a global context, classical rabies remains a
greater public health burden than EBL with 30 000-50 000 deaths per year. A person dies from this
infection somewhere in the world every 15 minutes (15). The European region has had success in
controlling terrestrial rabies particularly in countries of the European Union where post-exposure
prophylaxis can be afforded (unlike in many highly rabies endemic countries). Equivalent control
measures to those used successfully for terrestrial rabies have not been developed for EBL infection in
bats. EBL 1 and 2 continue to present a small risk to human health in countries in Western Europe that
are otherwise rabies-free (www.who-rabies-bulletin.org/q2_2002/startq2_02.html). Between
1977 and 2000, 630 cases of EBL infection in bats were reported in Europe, most of which were EBL 1.
They occurred in a number of countries including Denmark, France, Germany, the Netherlands, and
Spain (16). Although levels of EBL 1 infection in bats have increased in recent years in Europe, EBL 2
infections have remained rarer than EBL 1.

The different rabies-like viruses and the different bat species found in Europe distinguish this region
from the Americas where the risk of rabies is higher following human contact with bats (17). EBL 1 and
2 do not seem to transmit readily to other species, hence the rarity of human infections. It is very rare
for other animals to be infected even in countries or regions where bat rabies occurs, with the total of
EBL 1 infections reported in terrestrial mammals comprising four Danish sheep and one German stone
marten (18,19). There is no appreciable risk of EBL infection occurring in domestic pets such as dogs
and cats, nor in wild terrestrial mammals in the UK, ensuing from the isolation of EBL 2 in UK bats.

Prevention

Bats present virtually no risk to the general public and are protected by European and some national
law, so if a member of the public comes across a bat they should not touch the bat but seek help. In the
UK a voluntary group, The Bat Conservation Trust can be approached through the UK Bat Helpline on
[phone] or information obtained from their website (www.bats.org.uk/bat_info.htm).

Advice regarding bats in the UK changed following the case of bat rabies in Lancashire. Only licensed or
volunteer bat handlers should routinely come into contact with bats, when they should take care and
wear bite-proof gloves. The Department of Health advice is that all bat handlers whether licensed or
not should be vaccinated preventatively (20). Vaccine is provided free of charge to all bat handlers in
England and Wales by the Public Health Laboratory Service. This is an amendment to previous advice
which limited free provision of vaccine to licensed bat handlers (21).

Post-exposure prophylaxis

Recent events have also led to a change in policy for management of people who have had close
exposure to bats in the UK. Prophylaxis for exposure to EBL is the same as that recommended for all
potential rabies virus exposures and appears to be highly effective (22). Anyone who has been
scratched or bitten by a UK bat, or whose eyes, broken skin or mucous membrane has come into
contact with bat saliva or neural tissue from a UK bat, should be offered post-exposure vaccination as
soon as possible after the incident. If the person is fully immunised against rabies, they should be
offered two doses of vaccine. If they are previously unimmunised or incompletely immunised, they
should be offered five doses of vaccine. For those who are previously unimmunised, and who have been
bitten by a bat that is known, or strongly suspected, to be rabid, then immunoglobulin may be offered
in addition to a full course of vaccine (23). Public health authorities in all other countries should note
the change of policy so that returning travellers who report exposure to bats in the UK are offered
prophylaxis if appropriate.

Although the vaccine is based on classical (genotype 1) strains of rabies virus there is cross immunity
between genotype 1 and genotype 5 (EBL1) and genotype 6 (EBL2) strains (24). Vaccine failures are
extraordinarily rare if the appropriate regimen is followed (25). The Netherlands, Denmark, Germany
and Spain have been detecting EBL 1 and 2 infections (nearly always EBL 1) in their bat populations for
several years and offer vaccine, and rabies immunoglobulin where indicated, following bat exposures
such as bites or scratches. Over the last two decades several hundreds of people in the Netherlands
have been vaccinated with genotype 1 rabies virus vaccines after a bite of an EBL-positive bat, but an
EBL infection in a human being has never been confirmed in the Netherlands (Wim H.M. van der Poel,
Viral Zoonoses

[bekasia1]

Od koleżanki-lekarki dowiedziałam się, że pewna pacjentka leczyła się (w
Poznaniu) na salmonellozę (w szpitalu) i w żaden sposób nie mogła jej wyleczyć.
W końcu zdesperowana zaczęła pić citrosept i ... salmonella padła.

[kadfael]

No. A jaki to ma związek z tematem wątku? Nie spamuj!!!