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FRANCE

* According to the CIA World Factbook, France
controls over 22.5 percent of Iraq's imports. French
total trade with Iraq under the oil-for-food program is
the third largest, totaling $3.1 billion since 1996,
according to the United Nations.
* Roughly 60 French companies do an estimated $1.5
billion in trade with Baghdad annually under the U.N.
oil-for-food program.
* France's largest oil company, Total Fina Elf, has
negotiated a deal to develop the Majnoon field in
western Iraq. The Majnoon field purportedly contains up
to 30 billion barrels of oil.
* Total Fina Elf also negotiated a deal for future
oil exploration in Iraq's Nahr Umar field. Both the
Majnoon and Nahr Umar fields are estimated to contain
as much as 25 percent of the country's reserves.
* From 1981 to 2001, according to the Stockholm
International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), France
was responsible for over 13 percent of Iraq's arms imports.

GERMANY

* Direct trade between Germany and Iraq amounts to
about $350 million annually, and another $1 billion is
reportedly sold through third parties/countries.
* It has recently been reported that Saddam Hussein
has ordered Iraqi domestic businesses to show
preference to German companies as a reward for
Germany's "[F]irm positive stand in rejecting the
launching of a military attack against Iraq." It was
also reported that over 101 German companies were
present at the Baghdad Annual exposition.
* During the 35th Annual Baghdad International Fair
in November 2002, a German company signed a contract
for $80 million for 5,000 cars and spare parts.
* German officials are investigating a German
corporation accused of illegally channeling weapons to
Iraq via Jordan. The equipment in question is used for
boring the barrels of large cannons, and is allegedly
intended for Saddam Hussein's Al Fao Supercannon project.

RUSSIA

* According to the CIA World Factbook, Russia
controls roughly 5.8 percent of Iraq's annual imports.
Under the U.N. oil-for-food program, Russia's total
trade with Iraq totaled somewhere between $530 million
and $1 billion for the six months ending in December of
2001.
* According to the Russia's Ambassador to Iraq,
Vladimir Titorenko, new contracts worth another $200
million under the U.N. oil-for-food program are to be
signed over the next three months.
* Soviet-era debt of $7 billion through $8 billion
was generated by arms sales to Iraq during the
1980-1988 Iran-Iraq war.
* Russia's LUKoil negotiated a $4 billion, 23-year
contract in 1997 to rehabilitate the 15 billion-barrel
West Qurna field in southern Iraq. Work on the oil
field was expected to commence upon cancellation of
U.N. sanctions on Iraq. The deal is currently on hold.
* In October 2001, Salvneft, a Russian-Belarus
company, negotiated a $52 million service contract to
drill two oil fileds in southern Iraq; the Tuba field
and the Suba-Luhais field.
* In April 2001, Russia's Zaruezhneft company
received a service contract to drill in the Saddam,
Kirkuk, and Bai Hassan fields to rehabilitate the
fields and reduce water incursion.
* A future $40 billion Iraqi-Russian economic
agreement, reportedly signed in 2002, would allow for
extensive oil exploration opportunities throughout
western Iraq.
* Russia's Gazprom company over the last few years
has signed contracts worth $18 million to repair gas
stations in Iraq.
* The former Soviet Union was the premier supplier
of Iraqi arms. From 1981 to 2001 Russia has supplied
Iraq with 50 percent of its arms.

CHINA

* According to the CIA World Factbook, China
controls roughly 5.8 percent of Iraq's annual imports.
* China National Oil Company has negotiated a deal
for future oil exploration in the Al Ahdab field in
Iraq. Total estimate of the contract is unknown.
* In recent years, the Chinese Aero-Technology
Import-Export Company (CATIC) has been contracted to
sell "meteorological satellite" and "surface
observation" equipment to Iraq. This contract was
approved by the U.N. oil-for-food program.
* CATIC also won approval from the U.N. in July
2000 to sell $2 million worth of fiber optic cables.
This and similar contracts approved were disguised as
telecommunications gear. These cables can be used for
secure data and communications links between national
command and control centers and long-range search
radar, targeting radar, and missile-launch units,
according to U.S. officials. In addition, China
National Electric Wire & Cable and China National
Technical Import Telecommunications Equipment Company
are believed to have sold Iraq $6. million and $15.5
million worth of communications equipment and other
unspecified supplies, respectively.
* According to a report from SIPRI, from 1981 to
2001, China was the second largest supplier of weapons
and arms to Iraq, supplying over 18 percent of Iraq's
weapon's imports.