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Pomozcie proszę!!! Volition

27.02.06, 18:29
Potrzebuję mieć na jutro regułkę po angielsku co to jest Volition.W żadnej z
moich książek na poziomie advanced nic nie ma,w słowniku Oxfordu jest jedno
krótkie zdanie niezbyt na temat a w necie jakoś nie mogę znaleźć.Wiem,ze to
dotyczy will i shall,ale nie wiem jak to po angielsku wszystko wytłumaczyć,a
potrzebuję takiego raczej książkowego opisu tego.Prosze o pomoc!!!!
Obserwuj wątek
    • paper_mate Everything I do is of my own volition 27.02.06, 18:56
      1. an act of making a choice or decision; also a choice or decision made
      2. the power of choosing or determining
    • enlightened Re: Pomozcie proszę!!! Volition 27.02.06, 19:12
      The simplest definition would be: "free will".

      Here's an article that discusses the difference between "free will"
      and "volition":

      withchrist.org/volition.htm
    • hanula Re: Pomozcie proszę!!! Volition 28.02.06, 00:48
      "In Old and Middle English times shall and will were sometimes used to express
      simple futurity, though as a rule they implied, respectively, obligation [shall]
      and volition [will]. The present prescrbed use of these words, the bane of many
      an American and Northern British schoolchild, stems ultimately from the
      seventeenth century, the rules having first been codified by John Wallis, an
      eminent professor of geometry at Oxford who wrote in Latin a grammar of the
      English language (Grammatica Linguae Anglicanae, 1653.). The rule is... to
      express a future event without emotional ovetones, one should say I shall, we
      shall, but you/he/she/they will; conversely, for emphasis, willfulness, or
      insistence, one should say I/we will, but you/he/she/they shall... Despite a
      crusade of more than three centuries on behalf of the distinction, the rule for
      making it is still largely a mystery for most Americans, who get along very well
      in expressing futurity and willfulness without it."
      darkwing.uoregon.edu/~spike/ling290/badEnglish.html

      Will, shall. "Shall" is very fast going the way of "whom". I am not quite so
      willing to say "good riddance" in this case as I am with "whom," because a
      subtle and useful shade of meaning is being lost here, and because when it has
      finally been lost, English literature from past times will be read with less
      understanding. However, there is no doubt that "shall" and "should" can now, in
      all but a small number of artificial constructions, pretty much be dispensed
      with in spoken American English. This is not news: H.L. Mencken in The American
      Language (1949) said that "except in the most painstaking and artificial
      varieties of American" the distinction between shall/should and will/would "may
      almost be said to have ceased to exist". There is a large literature on this,
      which you can read for yourself. Not only Mencken, but also Follett (Modern
      American Usage) and Fowler (Modern English Usage) give over acres of space to
      it. Here I am only going to apologize--or rather, decline to apologize--for my
      own inconsistency. Those same teachers who hammered "whom" into my infant head
      also taught me the shall/will rules, and some of what they taught stuck. I hear
      myself say: "I should be sorry to see...," "They shan't trick me..." and
      similar things, naturally and unselfconsciously, at least to the point where my
      American listeners break out in smiles. If you can't be bothered to read
      Fowler, Follett, Mencken etc. (and if you can't, I don't blame you), the root
      difference between "shall" and "will" is that the first carries a flavor of
      obligation, the second a flavor of volition. My schoolmasters used to tell us
      the story of two drowning men. The first had fallen into the river accidentally
      and was struggling for his life. "I shall drown!" he cried out in desperation.
      "Nobody will save me!" The second, however, was a suicide, determined to quit
      this life. He deliberately threw himself into the most treacherous part of the
      current, and as he went down for the third time was heard to shout: "I will
      drown! Nobody shall save me!" That only scratches the surface, though, as you
      will see if you read Follett etc. Early 21st-century Americans have clearly
      decided that they have better things to do with their time than memorize
      pettifogging distinctions of this kind, and on balance, with the slight
      reservation entered in my first sentence, I think they are wise to have done so.
      olimu.com/Notes/CorrectEnglish.htm

      www.techwr-l.com/techwhirl/archives/9410/techwhirl-9410-00164.html
      www.write101.com/W.Tips117.htm
      www.hf.ntnu.no/engelsk/staff/johannesson/111gram/lect12.htm

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