Nowe teorie

[contango]

Nie wiem czy to juz bylo bo nie moge znaleźć w historii, ale dla pewności (choć pewnie niewiele to zmieni):
Eksperyment ten wyraźnie świadczy o tym, że to nie naczynia krwionośne są odpowiedzialne za migreny. Naukowcy twierdzą, że bóle te można wyjaśnić nagłym uwrażliwieniem się zakończeń nerwowych, które oplatają tętnice. Przez to neurony wysyłają błędną informację, że naczynia zacznie się rozszerzyły i w efekcie chory ma wrażenie jakby pulsowała mu głowa.

Podczas badań sprawdzono także, jak leki stosowane na bóle migrenowe wpływają na naczynia krwionośne. W tym celu ponownie zbadano za pomocą MRI mózgi 19 kobiet, które tym razem zażyły lekarstwo. Wyniki tego badania były zaskakujące. Okazało się, że sumatryptan w żaden sposób nie wpływa na rozszerzanie bądź kurczenie się tętnic. Oznacza to, że dotychczas stosowane leki działają zupełnie inaczej, niż przypuszczano.



oryginał pracy:
people.stfx.ca/jmckenna/P430%20Student%20Docs/History/Feb.09%20Papers/VascularMigraine.pdf

[Gość: babyjaga10]

Zaiste, bardzo interesujące. Ciekawe w jaki sposób robiono badania tryptanów i na podstawie czego stwierdzono, że działają one wybiórczo? Czyli tylko na naczynia głowy. Tylko dlaczego normalne leki przeciwbólowe nie pomagają a przecież działają głównie na nerwy.
W innym temacie pisałam już, że jakieś 20 lat temu czytałam w "Świecie nauki" o badaniach Japończyków. Po zbadaniu kilku tysięcy migrenowców, stwierdzili, że grubo ponad 90 % z nich ma otwór w przegrodzie serca. Kilka osób udało się namówić na operację serca, u wszystkich z nich migreny ustały. Stąd wywnioskowali, że jest to przyczyna migren. Nie wiadomo co byłoby z pozostałymi.

[contango]

As you can see from the list below, there are over 100 medications and dietary supplements, as well as at least one medical device, being used successfully for headache and Migraine prevention. There are also virtually endless combinations of them. Many people find that it's not a single medication or supplement that ends up being successful for them, but a combination of preventives.

Five medications are FDA approved for the treatment of Migraine. They are:

propranolol (Inderal);
timolol (Blocadren);
divalproex (Depakote);
topiramate (Topamax); and
Onabotulinumtoxin type A (Botox), which is approved for chronic Migraine (Migraine occurring 15 or more days per month) only.

None of those medications were originally developed for Migraine treatment. They were developed for other conditions, then coincidentally found to help prevent Migraines. Before FDA approval, they were prescribed off-label as many medications are today. Off-label prescribing is very common and simply means prescribing medications for conditions other than those for which they’re officially approved.

The following medications are being used successfully by some headache and Migraine patients as preventive medications. They're listed first by their generic names, followed by some of their brand names.

ANTIHYPERTENSIVES (blood pressure meds)

Alpha-2 agonists:

Clonidine, aka Catapres
Guanfacine, aka Tenex

ACE Inhibitors:

Benazepril, aka Lotensin
Captopril, aka Capoten
Enalapril, aka Vasotec
Fosinopril, aka Monopril
Lisinopril, aka Zestril, Prinivil
Moexipril, aka Univasc
Perindopril, aka Aceon
Quinapril, aka Accupril
Ramipril, aka Altace
Trandolapril, aka Mavik

Alzheimer's/Dementia Medicaton:

Memantine, aka Namenda


Angiotensin II Inhibitors:

Candesartan, aka Atacand
Eprosartan, aka Teveten
Irbesartan, aka Avapro
Losartan, aka Cozaar
Olmesartan, aka Benicar
Telmisartan, aka Midcardis
Valsartan, aka Diovan

Beta Blockers:

Acebutolol, aka Secral
Atenolol, aka Tenormin
Betaxolol, aka Kerlone
Bisoprolol, aka Zebeta, Emconcor
Cartelol, aka Cartrol
Labetalol, aka Normodyne, Trandate
Metoprolol, aka Lopressor
Nadolol, aka Corgard
Penbutololm aka Levatol
Pindolol, aka Visken, Syn-Pindolol
Propranolol, aka Inderal
Timolol, aka Blocadren

Calcium Channel Blockers:

Amlodipine, aka Norvasc
Bepridil, aka Vascor
Diltiazem, aka Cardizem, Tiazac
Felodipine, aka Plendil
Flunarizine, aka Sibelium (Canada)
Isradipine, aka DynaCirc
Nicardipine, aka Cardene
Nifedipine, aka Adalat, Procardia
Nimodipine, aka Nimotop
Nisoldipine, aka Sular
Verapamil, aka Calan, Verelan, Isoptin

ANTIHISTAMINES:

Cyproheptadine, aka Periactin
Pizotifen, aka Sandomigran (UK)

ANTIDEPRESSANTS

Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs):

Amitriptyline, aka Elavil (discontinued), Endep
Amoxapine, aka Asendin
Clomipramine, aka, Anafranil
Desipramine, aka Norpramin
Doxepin, aka Sinequan
Imipramine, aka Norfranil, Tofranil
Nortriptyline, aka Pamelor, Aventyl
Protriptyline, aka Vivactil
Trimipramine, aka Surmontil

MAOI Antidepressants:

Isocarboxazid, aka Marplan
Phenelzine, aka Nardil
Tranylcypromine, aka Parnate

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs):

Citalopram, aka Celexa
Escitalopram oxalate, aka Lexapro
Fluoxetine, aka Prozac
Fluvoxamine, aka Luvox
Paroxetine, aka Paxil
Sertraline, aka Zoloft

Selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SSNRIs):

Duloxetine hydrochloride, aka Cymbalta
Venlafaxine, aka Effexor, Effexor XR

Other Antidepressants:

Bupropion, aka Wellbutrin, Zyban
Mirtazepine, aka Remeron
Trazodone, aka Desyrel





Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Meds:

Dextroamphetamine, aka Adderall
Atomoxetine HCl, aka Strattera
Methylphenidate HCl, aka Concerta, Ritalin
Pemoline, aka Cylert

ARTHRITIS MEDS

Cox-2 Enzyme Inhibitors:

Celecoxib, aka Celebrex

MUSCLE RELAXANTS:

Carisoprodol, aka Soma
Cyclobenzaprine, aka Flexeril
Lioresal, aka Baclofen
Metaxalone, aka Skelaxin
Tizanidine, aka Zanaflex

NEURONAL STABILIZING AGENTS (antiseizure meds)
Many people call this class of medications "antiseizure medications." Actually, these meds are neuronal stabilizing agents. They work to stabilize the neuronal activity in the brain. Considering that Migraineurs have overactive neurons in the brain that, when a trigger is encountered, start firing in a wave and start a chain reaction that produces the symptoms of a Migraine attack, it makes sense to use them for Migraine prevention. These meds are only antiseizure meds when they're being used to prevent seizure activity.

Carbamazepine, aka Tegretol
Clonazepam, Klonopin
Clorazepate, aka Tranxene
Divalproex, aka Depakote
Gabapentin, aka Neurontin
Levetiracetam, Keppra
Lamotrigine, aka Lamictal
Oxcarbazepine, Trileptal
Tiagabine, aka Gabitril
Topiramate, aka Topamax
Valproate Sodium, aka Depacon
Zonisamide, aka Zonegran
Pregabalin, aka Lyrica

ERGOT ALKALOID:

Methylergonovine, aka Methergine (the only ergot used as a preventive)

LEUKOTRIENE BLOCKERS:

Montelukast, aka Singulair
Zafirlukast, aka Accolate
Zyleuton, aka Zyflo

OTHER:

Baclofen, aka Lioresal
Botulinum Toxin Type A, aka Botox
Memantine, aka Namenda

DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS:

Coenzyme Q10
Feverfew
Butterbur, aka Petadolex
Magnesium
Vitamin B2
5-HTP (Check carefully with doctor because of interactions with meds including triptans and SSRIs)
Lecithin
Melatonin

DEVICES:

The NTI Tension Suppression System, invented by Dr. Jim Boyd, has proven quite effective for some people who have problems with clenching or grinding their teeth in their sleep.



This list will be updated as more medications are successfully used for headache and Migraine prevention. If you're having problems finding an effective preventive regimen, sharing this list with your doctor may be helpful to you.