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14.06.03, 06:02
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http://www.dentalmaterial.gov.se/Mercury.pdf
Inne linki:
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SWEDISH DENTAL MATERIAL COMMISSION CONDEMNS AMALGAM
The Dental Material Commission ..
Care and Consideration
Mercury in dental-filling materials
.. an updated risk analysis in
environmental medical terms
Maths Berlin
An overview of scientific literature published in
1997.2002 and current knowledge
2
Contents
1
.
BACKGROUND....................................................................
.............................. 13
1.1 DATA
COLLECTION ...................................................................
..................... 4
2. SUMMARY OF THE 1997 RISK
ANALYSIS........................................................... 5
3. NEW RESEARCH
FINDINGS .....................................................................
........... 6
3.1 STUDIES IN MOLECULAR
BIOLOGY................................................................ 6
Modified redox
potential ....................................................................
.................... 6
Cytoskeleton of the nerve
cells ........................................................................
....... 8
Apoptosis in nerve
tissue .......................................................................
............... 98
Retinal pigment epithelial
cells ........................................................................
...... 9
3.2 THE NERVOUS
SYSTEM .......................................................................
.......... 9
Data from animal
experiments...................................................................
............ 9
Accumulation in the
retina .......................................................................
.............. 9
Brain development and toxicokinetics in the foetus and
mother............................ 9
Neuropsychological
tests.........................................................................
............. 10
Persistent effects of mercury
exposure................................................................. 11
Alzheimer¡¯s disease ......................................Fel! Bokmarket ar
inte definierat.11
3.3 THE IMMUNE SYSTEM AND BLOOD
CELLS................................................... 12
Data from animal
experiments...................................................................
.......... 12
Lichen .......................................................................
............................................ 13
Occupational
exposure......................................................................
................... 13
Reduced enzyme activity in
erythrocytes.............................................................. 14
Autoimmune
diseases .....................................................................
...................... 14
Mercury-resistant and antibiotic-resistant
bacteria ............................................ 15
3.4
KIDNEYS.......................................................................
................................ 15
3.5 THYROID AND MUSCULAR
ATROPHY........................................................... 15
3.6
TESTICLES ....................................................................
............................... 16
3.7
POLYMORPHISM .................................................................
......................... 16
3.8 GENDER
DIFFERENCES ..................................................................
............. 17
3.9 SIDE-EFFECTS AND THEIR
INCIDENCE........................................................ 18
Clinical
surveys ......................................................................
.............................. 18
Provocation
tests ........................................................................
.......................... 19
4. RISK ANALYSIS .. DEFINITION OF THREE NEW
HAZARDS.............................. 20
Scientific support for influence at low
concentrations......................................... 21
Influence on foetal
development...................................................................
........ 22
Influence on the immune
system........................................................................
... 22
Risk of kidney
disease.......................................................................
.................... 23
Varying sensitivity between
individuals ...............................................................
23
5 SUMMARY AND
CONCLUSIONS ..................................................................
...... 24
6 ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICAL VIEWS OF RISK
MANAGEMENT............................. 26
7 CLINICAL
MANAGEMENT ...................................................................
............... 26
8 NEED FOR
RESEARCH .....................................................................
................ 27
BIBLIOGRAPHY..................................................................
........................................ 28
ABBREVIATIONS.................................................................
....................................... 33
3
The Dental Material Commission .. Care and Consideration
'The Dental Material Commission .. Care and Consideration' assigned
Maths Berlin, in autumn 2002, to report on the past five years. research
literature on amalgam and the health hazards, if any, of mercury.
Maths Berlin is a Professor Emeritus with long experience of the effects of
mercury on animals and humans. He chaired the WHO Task Group on
Environmental Health Criteria for Inorganic Mercury (WHO
Environmental Health Criteria 118, 1991) and a similar group with the
function of drawing up health criteria for methylmercury.
Professor Berlin compiled the environmental medicine risk analysis of
mercury and amalgam issued by the Swedish Council for Planning and
Coordination of Research (FRN) in 1998 (FRN, Report 1998:22). This risk
analysis was based on literature published between 1993 and November
1997. The present risk analysis builds further on this material, and analyses
literature published between November 1997 and November 2002.
Available on order from:
The Dental Material Commission .. Care and Consideration
Kv. Spektern, SE.103 33 Stockholm, Sweden or on the web site,
www.dentalmaterial.gov.se
4
1. Background
In April 2002 the Swedish Government appointed a Special Investigator to
propose measures to boost knowledge of health problems relating to amalgam
and other dental materials, and to improve care of patients who associate
their
symptoms with such materials. The directives for the Commission emphasise
that the Special Investigator should assess the knowledge situation with
respect
to such health problems and pinpoint areas on which further studies should
focus. The Investigator was also assigned to report on key research in recent
years, focusing on the past five-year period.
The author was assigned by the Investigator to summarise and evaluate
research
findings, regarding the environmental medical aspects of exposure to mercury
from amalgam, that were published during the period from November 1997 to
November 2002. The summary is to continue and supplement the risk analysis
that was carried out for the Swedish Council for Planning and Coordination of
Research in 1997.
1.1 Data collection
The task of collecting relevant publications was c
